Nobel Prize

Introduction Annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances

Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma, and a cash award.

The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901

In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.

Nobel Peace Prize Norwegian Nobel Committee. Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet Nobel Prize in Literature. Swedish Academy

Background Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 in Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor Dynamite is the most famous invention

By the age of 17 Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics

The Nobel Prize Amounts On 27 November 1895, a year before his death, Alfred Nobel signed the famous will which would implement some of the goals to which he had devoted so much of his life. Nobel stipulated in his will that most of his estate, more than SEK 31 million (today approximately SEK 1,688 million) should be converted into a fund and invested in "safe securities."

The income from the investments was to be "distributed annually in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind." The list below shows the Nobel Prize amount in Swedish kronor (SEK) through the years, the monetary value per December 2010 in Swedish kronor (SEK) and the value in % compared to the original amount in The Nobel Prize amount for 2011 is set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Nobel Prize.

On 10 December 1896 Alfred Nobel died in his villa in San Remo, Italy. Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes. The Nobel Prize is financed by the Nobel Foundation, a private institution established in 1900 based on the will of Alfred Nobel.

In 1905, Norway's Nobel Committee became responsible for awarding the Nobel Peace Prize and Swedish institutions remained responsible for the other prizes

Foundation and members According to the statutes, the Foundation should consist of a board of five Swedish or Norwegian citizens. The Chairman of the Board should be appointed by the King in Council The other four members appointed by the trustees of the prize-awarding institutions

Award Process Nomination forms are sent by the Nobel Committee to about 3000 individuals, For the Peace Prize, inquiries are sent to governments, members of international courts, professors and rectors, former Peace Prize laureates and current or former members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee The Nobel Committee nominates about 300 potential laureates from these forms and additional names

Selection Advices of experts in the relevant fields. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to institutions, the awards can only be given to individuals. If the Peace Prize is not awarded, the money is split among the scientific prizes. This has happened 19 times so far.

Although posthumous nominations are not permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize

Nobel Prize Winners List 2011 : All Categories Read more: /10/nobel-prize-winners-list all.html#ixzz1qbgSglv0