Unit I: Lesson 1 Geography Pre-history History Revolution Civilization

Identify 10 details you see in this scene. How would you describe the scene? Who are the people involved? What do you hear, smell, taste and feel in this scene? What action do you see in this scene?

GEOGRAPHY IS: the study of people, their environment, and the resources available to them.

5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: Movement Place Location Region Human- Environment Interaction THE HUMAN STORY

HISTORY IS: humanity’s past based on written records (evidence): recorded time beginning about 5,000 yrs. ago found in letters, tax records, diaries, film, photographs, and on the internet

History is based on three factors, each one affecting the other two (ESP): P conomics E Society olitics

TRAITS OF PRE-HISTORIC PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE) AGE: nomadic used a spoken language wore clothing were technical (could make & use tools) caves / over-hangs as shelters built fires for light, warmth, protection, cooking belief in an afterlife ?

THE NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE) AGE INTRODUCED AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: People B/4: hunted gathered nomadic push factors People after: learned to farm produced own food settled in villages domesticated animals pull factors

BASIC FEATURES OF CIVILIZATIONS: Farmers cultivated lands along river valleys, producing surplus food > Surpluses caused populations to expand > As populations grew, villages swelled into cities.

Use of agriculture allowed humans to develop permanent settlements, social classes, & new technologies Some of these early groups settled in the fertile valleys of the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yellow, and Indus Rivers This resulted in the rise of great civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India In the Americas, groups of Asian hunters crossed a land-bridge connecting Asia and Alaska along what is now known as the Bering Strait. By spreading southwards, they settled along lakes and rivers where they experienced their own Neolithic Revolution in which they learned to grow maize. * EFFECTS OF THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: Changed the way humans lived

A CIVILIZATION: is a complex, highly organized, social order with the following 5 traits:

1). cities (centers of trade for a larger area)

2). advanced technology

3). specialized (specifically trained) workers 4). form of writing

5). Complex institutions: a. form of governmentb. organized religion White House Congress

Ancient rulers often gained enough power to conquer territories beyond their cities; these rulers, therefore, created city-states and; even more powerful rulers often created empires; Civilizations can also change when the natural environment changes. Interaction among people also causes environments to change. HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS SPREAD AND CHANGE?

the spread of ideas, customs, & technologies from one people to another through migration, trade, & warfare. CULTURAL DIFFUSION IS:

INDIVIDUAL YEARS OF DATING HISTORY: B.C. = b/4 the birth of Christ or B.C.E. (b/4 the Common Era) A.D. = “Anno Domini” – (since the birth of Christ) or C. E. (since the Common Era)

AGES OR ERAS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION: Ancient Times: 4000 B.C. – A.D. 500 (until the fall of the Roman Empire) Medieval Times (the Middle Ages): A.D. 500 (from the fall of Rome) – A.D (until the Italian Renaissance) =

Modern Times A.D (when Italian Renaissance began) to the present

LETS REVIEW WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR! Oink or Cackle?

The five themes of geography are: human-environment interaction, location, place, movement, and ___ region

Geography is the study of people, their ___, and the resources made available to them. environment

When people changed from hunting and gathering their food to settling in villages and learning to farm their own crops and raise their own animals, this change became known as the ___ ___. Neolithic Revolution

Humanity’s past based on written records is called ___. history

A complex, highly organized social order is called ____. civilization

The three factors that always relate to and affect one another are economics, society, and ___. politics

The spreading of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another through migration, trade, or war is called ___ ___. cultural diffusion

How did Asian groups during the Stone Age arrive in the Americas? They crossed a land bridge that is now known as the Bering Strait.

The five characteristics or traits that constitute any civilization are: specialized workers, advanced technology, form of writing, complex institutions (government & religion), and ___. centers of trade (cities)

Which era of Western Civilization ended with the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476? Ancient Times

Which era of Western Civilization began with the fall of the Roman Empire? Medieval Times (Middle Ages)

Which era of Western Civilization began with the Italian Renaissance? Modern Times (present times)

This economic system is the one practiced in the United States. capitalism

People in ancient civilizations practiced this when they moved from their farming communities to centers of trade to work as skilled artisans and merchants: urbanization

TERMS: Latin term for A. D. meaning “in the year of our Lord” or “since the birth of Christ” Anno Domini a state that controls other lands and peoples empire kind of government headed by religious leaders theocracy dictatorial government controlling all aspects of life totalitarian a small, usually wealthy, group that holds political power oligarchy ruler with unlimited power autocrat A line of rulers from the same family dynasty