The American Civil War 1861-1865

The North vs. The South

Civil War = An armed conflict between groups of people who belong to the same country.

Abraham Lincoln 1858 A house divided against itself cannot stand … I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.

Complete this chart in your notes as we go through the next slides The North The South

The North New ideas Industrialization Abolitionists Urbanization

Northern President Abraham Lincoln

Northern Army Union

Northern General Ulysses S. Grant

Northern Nickname The origin of Yankee is most likely the Dutch name Janke, meaning "little Jan" or "little John," a nickname that dates back to the 1680s. Perhaps because it was used as the name of pirates, the name Yankee came to be used as a term of contempt. It was used this way in the 1750s by General James Wolfe, the British general who secured British domination of North America by defeating the French at Quebec. The name may have been applied to New Englanders as an extension of an original use referring to Dutch settlers living along the Hudson River. Yankee is first recorded in 1765 as a name for an inhabitant of New England. During the American Revolution, American soldiers adopted this term as national pride. Yankees

Political Cartoon Although blacks were free in the Northern states, they still faced racism & discrimination. They were often denied jobs and those that did find jobs were not treated or paid equally as whites. Many were in poverty and either living in ghettos or on the streets. As a result, many fled into Canada, as the new Promise Land Not everyone in the North was anti-slavery. Many fought in the Civil War as they did not want to break up the country.

The South Old traditions, customs Plantations Pro-slavery Rural

Southern President Jefferson Davis

Southern Army Confederates

Southern General Robert E. Lee

The Southern Nickname The Dixies The word "'Dixie'" refers to privately issued currency from banks in Louisiana. These banks issued ten-dollar notes, labeled "Dix", French for "ten", on the reverse side. The notes were known as "Dixies" by English-speaking southerners, and the area around New Orleans and the Cajun-speaking parts of Louisiana came to be known as "Dixieland". Eventually, usage of the term broadened to refer to most of the Southern States.

The Confederates

The Confederates Many people in the South were proslavery as their economies were depended on crops from Plantations. However, only ¼ of the population actually owned plantations. Not everyone in the South was proslavery; many fought in the Civil War, as they wanted to break away from USA (refer to causes of ACW)

Outbreak of the War • November 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the USA. • December 1860, 11 states decided to leave the USA • A new country was formed called the Confederate States of America (CSA), or the Confederacy. • Jefferson Davis was chosen as the President for the Confederacy.

Outbreak of the War • The issue of slavery was not the sole cause. The immediate cause of the war was to stop the USA from breaking into 2 different countries. • It was the bloodiest war anywhere in the world during the 19th century.

Outbreak of the War • On April 12th 1861, southern soldiers opened fire on the Union Army fortress, Fort Sumter at Charleston.

Outbreak of the War • Slaves in Virginia began to arrive at Union camps looking for freedom. They were declared as contraband of war because they were the property of the enemy. Contraband means illegal or smuggled goods; therefore, the north used them to describe slaves who sought freedom.

Outbreak of the War • On January 1st 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted slaves their freedom. This brought to an end 250 years of slavery. • 1863, the Union began to officially recruit black soldiers

Lincoln on the Front

Outbreak of the War • Mixed units were unthinkable and blacks were made to serve in separate regiments • The 1st all black regiment were the 54th Massachusetts Regiment

Movie Time Watch the movie Glory and complete the ICA

The 54th Massachusetts Regiment

Battle of Fort Wagner

The War • William H. Carney, a 23 year old black sergeant, was the 1st black American soldier to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.

The War The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, proclaimed: that any black captured during fighting would be returned to slavery; any black officer in US Army uniform was to be executed; and any white officer in command of an all black regiment was to be executed.

The War December 1865, after the surrender of the South, the 13th Amendment of the United States Constitution became law. This was the Emancipation Proclamation.

The 13th Amendment

The War • 6 days after the war had ended, Lincoln was shot dead by a Southern sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth as he watched a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.

The Freedmen’s Bureau • March 1865, the Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help the newly freed slaves adjust to their freedom.

Democratic Party flyer of 1866 (Racism)