Title Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 7 Image Slides

Page 114 ATP P glucose water C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ADP + carbon dioxide Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7.1 NAD + 2H oxidationreduction 2H 2e – + 2H + NADH + H + 2e – + 2H +

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig Electron transport chain 2 ADP 22 total net gain Cytoplasm ATP ++ = 36 or 38 e–e– e–e– 2. Preparatory reaction 3. Citric acid cycle 32 ADP or or 34 ATP 2 ADP 2 ATP 4 ADP4 ATP 1. Glycolysis glucose pyruvate e–e– NADH + H + and FADH 2 e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e–

e–e– ATP energy for synthesis of e–e– electron transport chain high-energy electrons low-energy electrons Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.3

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Page 116 enzyme P P P ADP ATP

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4a 2 ADP 4 ADP 2net glucose Cytoplasm e–e– 2 ADP NADH + H + Glycolysis ATP 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle e–e– e–e– e–e– NADH + H + and FADH 2 NADH + H + e–e– pyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 4 ATP total e–e– e–e– 32 ADP or or 34

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4b Cytoplasm

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4c Cytoplasm

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4d Cytoplasm

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4left Cytoplasm a. 2 ADP 32 ADP or or 34 4 ADP 2net glucose Cytoplasm e–e– 2 ADP NADH + H + Glycolysis ATP 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle e–e– e–e– e–e– NADH + H + and FADH 2 NADH + H + e–e– pyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 4 ATP total e–e– e–e–

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-a PP ADP Steps PP Energy-Investment Steps - 2 G3P ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. glucose

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-b ATP + 2 (net gain) 2 NAD + P P ADP H2OH2O P NADH + H + P P pyruvate H2OH2O ATP NADH + H + Energy-Harvesting Steps 3. NAD + takes an electron becoming NADH + H +, with addition of a second phosphate to the sugar. 4. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 BPG by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 3PG molecules. 6. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 PEP by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. 5. Oxidation of 2 3PG by removal of water results in 2 high-energy PEP molecules. BPG PP ADP PP ATP BPG 3PG P ADP PEP

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-1 ADP Steps Energy-Investment Steps - 2 ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. glucose PP

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-2 ADP Steps Energy-Investment Steps - 2 ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. glucose P G3P P PP

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-3 glucose PP ADP Steps NAD + PP P PP P NADH + H + PP Energy-Investment Steps - 2 NADH + H + Energy-Harvesting Steps ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. 3. NAD + takes an electron becoming NADH + H +, with addition of a second phosphate to the sugar. BPG G3P

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-4 glucose PP ADP Steps + 2 NAD + 3PG NAD + PP P PP ADP P NADH + H + PP P P Energy-Investment Steps - 2 ATP NADH + H + Energy-Harvesting Steps ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. 3. NAD + takes an electron becoming NADH + H +, with addition of a second phosphate to the sugar. 4. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 BPG by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 3PG molecules. BPG G3P

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right-5 glucose PP ADP Steps + 2 NAD + PP P PP ADP P H2OH2O P NADH + H + PP P P P Energy-Investment Steps - 2 H2OH2O ATP NADH + H + Energy-Harvesting Steps ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. 3. NAD + takes an electron becoming NADH + H +, with addition of a second phosphate to the sugar. 4. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 BPG by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 3PG molecules. 5. Oxidation of 2 3PG by removal of water results in 2 high-energy PEP molecules. BPG 3PG PEP BPG 3PG PEP G3P

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.4right PP ADP Steps ATP + 2 (net gain) 2 NAD + PP P PP ADP P H2OH2O P NADH + H + PP P P P b. Energy-Investment Steps - 2 H2OH2O ATP NADH + H + Energy-Harvesting Steps ATP 1. Two ATP are used to activate glucose. 2. A resulting C 6 molecule breaks down into 2 C 3 molecules. 3. NAD + takes an electron becoming NADH + H +, with addition of a second phosphate to the sugar. 4. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 BPG by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 3PG molecules. 6. Removal of high-energy phosphate from 2 PEP by 2 ADP produces 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. 5. Oxidation of 2 3PG by removal of water results in 2 high-energy PEP molecules. glucose G3P BPG 3PG PEP pyruvate

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Page acetyl—CoA + 2 carbon dioxide2 pyruvate + 2 CoA 2 NADH + H + 2 NAD +

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.5a 2 ADP2 2 ATP e–e– NADH e–e– e–e– Glycolysis glucosepyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP4 ATP total ATP net Matrix Citric acid cycle NADH and FADH 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 32 ADP or or 34 ATP e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e–

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.5b ATP 1. The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. NADH + H + NAD + NADH + H + CO 2 NADH + H + CO 2 2.Oxidation reactions produce two NADH + H +. citrate The loss of two CO 2 results In a new C 4 molecule. C4C4 C4C4 One ATP is produced by substrate-level ATP synthesis. NAD + CoA Additional oxidation reactions produce an FADH 2 and another NADH + H + and regenerate original C 4 molecule. 4. FAD C4C4 FADH 2 NAD + C5C Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. C4C4 CoA Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. NAD + CO 2 NADH + H + 2.Oxidation reactions produce two NADH + H +. citrate C4C4 CoA C5C5 Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ATP 1. The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. NAD + NADH + H + CO 2 NADH + H + CO 2 2.Oxidation reactions produce two NADH + H +. citrate The loss of two CO 2 results In a new C 4 molecule. C4C4 One ATP is produced by substrate-level ATP synthesis. CoA 4. C4C4 NAD + C5C5 3. Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ATP 1. The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. NADH + H + NAD + NADH + H + CO 2 NADH + H + CO 2 2.Oxidation reactions produce two NADH + H +. citrate The loss of two CO 2 results In a new C 4 molecule. C4C4 C4C4 One ATP is produced by substrate-level ATP synthesis. NAD + CoA Additional oxidation reactions produce an FADH 2 and another NADH + H + and regenerate original C 4 molecule. 4. FAD C4C4 FADH 2 NAD + C5C Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.5 ATP 2 ADT2 2 ATP e–e– NADH e–e– e–e– Glycolysis glucosepyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP4 ATP total ATP net 1. The C 2 acetyl group combines with a C 4 molecule to produce citrate, a C 6 molecule. NADH + H + Matrix Citric acid cycle NADH and FADH 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 32 ADP or or 34 ATP NAD + NADH + H + CO 2 NADH + H + CO 2 2.Oxidation reactions produce two NADH + H +. citrate The loss of two CO 2 results In a new C 4 molecule. C4C4 C4C4 One ATP is produced by substrate-level ATP synthesis. NAD + CoA Additional oxidation reactions produce an FADH 2 and another NADH + H + and regenerate original C 4 molecule. 4. FAD C4C4 FADH 2 NAD + C5C5 e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e– Citric acid cycle Preparatory reaction CoA acetyl CoA

Page 119 inputsoutputs 6 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 P ATP 2 Citric acid cycle 2 acetyl groups 4 CO 2 6 NADH + H + 2 FADH 2 2 FAD Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7.6a 2 ADT 2 2 ATP NADH e–e– Glycolysis glucose pyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP total ATP net Citric acid cycle NADH NADH and FADH 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 32 or ADP or 34 ATP e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e–

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.6b H2OH2O 2H + ADP + P O2O2 1 2 P P ATP FADH 2 FAD + 2H + 2e – e–e– e–e– electron carrier 2e – made by chemiosmosis made by chemiosmosis made by chemiosmosis NAD + + 2H + NADH + H + electron carrier electron carrier electron carrier electron carrier

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.6 H2OH2O 2H + ADP + P O2O2 1 2 P P ATP FADH 2 FAD + 2H + 2e – e–e– e–e– electron carrier 2e – made by chemiosmosis made by chemiosmosis made by chemiosmosis NAD + + 2H + NADH + H + electron carrier electron carrier electron carrier electron carrier 2 ADT 2 2 ATP NADH e–e– Glycolysis glucose pyruvate Preparatory reaction 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP total ATP net Citric acid cycle NADH NADH and FADH 2 Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 32 or ADP or 34 ATP e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e– e–e–

Fig. 7.7a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. cristae intermembrane spacematrix

Fig. 7.7b Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 ADP + H2OH2O NAD + H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ P 2 + O2O2 1 2 Electron transportchain protein complex e-e- FADH 2 matrix ATP synthase complex H+H+ H+H+ ATP channel protein intermembrane space chemiosmosis FAD NADH + H + ATP e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e-

Fig. 7.7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. cristae 2 ADP + H2OH2O NAD + H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ P 2 + O2O2 1 2 intermembrane spacematrix Electron transportchain protein complex e-e- FADH 2 matrix ATP synthase complex H+H+ H+H+ ATP channel protein intermembrane space chemiosmosis FAD NADH + H + ATP e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e-

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.8 Cytoplasm Mito c hondrion Electron transport chain 2 net 2 glucose subtotal 2 CO 2 4 CO 2 FADH or O 2 ATP or 34 ATP 2 pyruvate 2 acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle NADH + H + glycolysis 6 H 2 O 36 or 38 total

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ADP 2 glucose G3P P ATP 2 – 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ADP NAD + 2 glucose G3P BPG P P P P ATP 2 2 NADH + H + ATP – 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ADP 2 ADP NAD + 2 glucose G3P BPG P PP P ATP NADH + H + ATP - 2 ATP + 4 ATP pyruvate 2 NADH + H +

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ADP 2 ADP NAD + 2 or glucose G3P BPG alcohol P PP P ATP NADH + H ATP - 2 ATP + 4 ATP (net gain) lactate pyruvate 2 NADH + H + CO 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig ADP 2 ADP NAD + 2 or glucose G3P BPG alcohol P PP P ATP NADH + H ATP - 2 ATP + 4 ATP (net gain) lactate pyruvate 2 NADH + H + CO 2

Page 122 inputsoutputs glucose 4 ADP +2 P ATP Fermentation 2 lactate or 2 alcohol and 2 CO 2 2 ADP net gain Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Page 123 Cytoplasm NADH + H + and FADH 2 NADH + H + 4. Electron transport chain 3. Citric acid cycle 1. Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 2. Preparatory reaction

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Page 124 a. b. c.d. ATP e. ATP NADH + H +