Introduction to the elements of effective Safety Management Systems © 2005 OSHA Training Network. All rights reserved.

2 This material for training use only Goals 1. Understand the basics of a safety management system. 2. Identify the seven core elements of an effective safety and health program. 3. Describe the key processes in each program element. This material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance requirements of OSHA standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by OSHA. The information in workbook is intended for training purposes only.

3 This material for training use only Form Groups Introductions Elect a chairperson Select a spokesperson Name your corporation

4 This material for training use only Seven Critical Components and Characteristics of an Effective Safety Management System 1.Management Commitment 2.Accountability 3.Employee Involvement 4. Hazard Identification & Control 5. Incident/Accident Investigation 6.Training 7. Plan Evaluation

5 This material for training use only Components of a Safety Management System Processes Structure Inputs Outputs

6 This material for training use only Inputs = Resources Processes = Activities Outputs = Conditions, Behaviors, Results

7 This material for training use only Every system is designed perfectly to produce what it produces What might be the result if a safety plan is poorly written or not effectively implemented? Where do we look for clues that safety system design and/or implementation are flawed?

8 This material for training use only ELEMENT 1 – TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

9 This material for training use only What motivates management to “do” safety? Indicate the consequence below that motivates your employer. My company does safety primarily to… 1. Avoid OSHA penalties. ________ 2. Reduce costs - increase profits________ 3. Keep employees safe________ Make a bar graph to show how the class ranked each statement.

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11 This material for training use only What is Top Management Commitment? T________ M _______ C _________ Expression of leadership What has management done to demonstrate commitment at your workplace? Time, money, communications = TMC What can we do to get management commitment?

12 This material for training use only Direct - Insured Costs Indirect - Uninsured, hidden Costs - Out of pocket What do accidents cost your company? Unknown Costs - 1. Human Tragedy 2. Morale 3. Reputation average to close a claim = $14,000 estimated average = $38,000 Unseen costs can sink the ship!

13 This material for training use only NSC - Average direct and indirect accident costs No lost time injury: $7,000 Lost time injury: $38,000 Fatality: $1,100,000 NSC - Average direct and indirect accident costs No lost time injury: $7,000 Lost time injury: $38,000 Fatality: $1,100,000 Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratios Direct cost of claim Ratio of indirect to direct costs $0-2, $3, , $5, , $10,000 or more1.1 Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratios Direct cost of claim Ratio of indirect to direct costs $0-2, $3, , $5, , $10,000 or more1.1

14 This material for training use only Proactive Vs. Reactive Safety & Health Management What's proactive? What's reactive? What programs are emphasized?

15 This material for training use only ELEMENT 2 - ACCOUNTABILITY Six essential elements of an effective accountability system 1. Established formal standards of behavior and performance. 2. Resources provided to meet those standards. 3. An effective system of measurement. 4. Application of effective consequences. 5. Appropriate application of consequences. 6. Evaluation of the accountability system.

16 This material for training use only Management/Employee Accountability Manager Accountabilities Employee Accountabilities Training Resources Enforcement Supervision Leadership Report hazards Report injuries Comply with rules Warn others

17 This material for training use only Before pointing the finger of blame, make sure management all obligations to the employee have been fulfilled. Why does the employer have more accountabilities than the employee? Is that fair? How are employees held accountable in your workplace? What’s with that? When is a supervisor justified in disciplining? More control... more accountability

18 This material for training use only ELEMENT 3 - EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Group exercise: Discuss ways your employer uses (or could use) to increase involvement in the safety committee and other activities. Choose one of the above ideas and discuss those methods and procedures that help ensure its success.

19 This material for training use only What is the purpose of your safety committee? Our safety committee intends to… What role does your safety committee play? My safety committee performs the role of a/an… What can the safety committee do to increase employee involvement in safety? What can the safety committee do to help the employer manage safety programs? Involvement in the Safety Committee

20 This material for training use only ELEMENT 4 – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL What is a "hazard?" Hazard analysis is smart business! What are the advantages of conducting hazard analysis vs. accident investigation?

21 This material for training use only M____ E_____ E____ E_____ What are the four categories of hazards in the workplace? Hazardous conditions or unsafe work practices: Which results in more accidents?

22 This material for training use only Any hazards or unsafe behaviors here?

23 This material for training use only Engineering Controls Management Controls Hierarchy of Controls Interim Measures

24 This material for training use only What control measures might work to correct these hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors.

25 This material for training use only ELEMENT 5 - INCIDENT/ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION What is an “accident?” Why do we “investigate” accidents? How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

26 This material for training use only What are the odds that a serious injury will occur? H.W. Heinrich's Pyramid (1931) Proctor & Gamble's Port Ivory Study (1984) How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

27 This material for training use only Why are some accident reports ineffective? Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has "common sense"?

28 This material for training use only Be ready when accidents happen 1. Write a clear policy statement. 2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police, etc.) 3. Designate those responsible to investigate accidents. 4. Train all accident investigators. 5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking corrective action. 6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action. Why are some accident reports ineffective? Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has "common sense"?

29 This material for training use only Weed out the causes of injuries and illnesses Fails to inspect No recognition plan Inadequate training plan No accountability policy No inspection policy No discipline procedures Outdated Procedures No orientation process Unguarded machine Horseplay Fails to train To much work Defective PPE Fails to report injury Inadequate training Create a hazard Fails to enforce Untrained worker Broken tools Ignore a hazard Lack of time Inadequate labeling procedures No recognition Cuts Burns Strains Chemical spill Conditions Behaviors Surface Causes of the Accident Root Causes of the Accident Direct Causes of Injury/Illness - Accident Weed

30 This material for training use only The causes of Injury, Illness and Accidents 1. Direct Cause of Injury 2. Surface Causes of the Accident 3. Root Causes of the Accident Steps in root cause analysis 1. Injury cause analysis 2. Surface Cause analysis 3. Root Causes analysis - Accident Causes

31 This material for training use only The six-step process Step 1. Secure the accident scene Step 2. Collect facts about what happened Step 3. Develop the sequence of events Step 4. Determine the causes Step 5. Recommend improvements Step 6. Write the report

32 This material for training use only Three phases of analysis Injury analysis Event analysis Systems analysis

33 This material for training use only Education tells Why Training shows How Experience improves skills Accountability sustains behavior ELEMENT 6: EDUCATION AND TRAINING

34 This material for training use only How do you know safety training is effective? Training is worthless without accountability Give examples of effective safety training.

35 This material for training use only Step 1. Introduction. Step 2. Trainer show and tell. Trainer: EXPLAINS and PERFORMS each step. Learner: OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS. Step 3. Trainer ask and show. Learner: EXPLAINS each step and RESPONDS. Trainer: PERFORMS each step and QUESTIONS. The basic steps in OJT

36 This material for training use only Step 4. Trainee tell and show. Learner: EXPLAINS, GETS PERMISSION, and then PERFORMS each step. Trainer: GIVES PERMISSION, OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS. Step 5. Conclusion. Step 6. Document. Step 7. Validate.

37 This material for training use only DOCUMENT TRAINING! Sample training certification for specific tasks Trainee certification Trainer certification DOCUMENT TRAINING! Sample training certification for specific tasks Trainee certification Trainer certification

38 This material for training use only Last and first phase of planning cycle Assess, analyze, evaluate, both labor and management Use outside experts Not a one person job - delegate monitoring responsibilities Establish procedures for change - an action plan Measure activity and results Make effective recommendations ELEMENT 7. PLAN EVALUATION

39 This material for training use only Last and first phase of planning cycle Identify, analyze, evaluate all elements of the program Use outside experts Primary safety committee responsibility - evaluate the safety and health program Establish procedures for change - an action plan Measure activity and results Make effective recommendations

40 This material for training use only Time to review!