TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES Endocytosis and Exocytosis.

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TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Learning Outcomes B9 - Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane: Describe and compare endocytosis and exocytosis in terms of:  Method of transport (use of vesicles)  Use of energy (active vs. passive)  Type / size of molecule transported

Enodcytosis and Exocytosis

Exocytosis and Endocytosis vesicles move substances in and out of cells vesicles can fuse with the cell membrane (where might they be coming from?) new vesicles or vacuoles can be formed from the cell membrane Active (requires ATP for energy)

Exocytosis Vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane (and becomes part of the membrane) Contents are released to the outside Ex. Secretion of proteins from Golgi (ex. insulin, enzymes), secretion of waste products

Endocytosis Takes substances into the cell Plasma membrane forms a vesicle around a substance and takes it in (Note that part of the plasma membrane becomes the vacuole)

Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”) - liquid or small particles taken in by tiny vesicles Phagocytosis (“cell eating”) – entire cells or large food particles are taken in - ex. white blood cells take in bacterial cells, which are then destroyed by lysosomes

White blood cell phagocytizing bacteria

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis the particle being taken in first binds to a specific receptor protein on the outside of the cell membrane

Organelles and Membrane Working Together