Industrial Revolution Definition: greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century. Textile: A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric. England had small farms. Bought up by large landowners.

Beginnings Large enclosures forced new technology - did what to peasants? Jethro Tull and Seed Drill Crop Rotation / Breeding led to more available food/resources. Leads to…?

Britain Advantages of Britain Military stability on home land Large population (pop. Increase) Nat. Resources=coal, iron, H2O, rivers, harbors Military stability on home land Factors of Production Land, Labor, Capital

Economics Enterprise Capital -business -money -shipping -investments -mining -railroads -factories Capital -money -investments Who or what are entrepreneurs?

Questions In what ways did geographical features assist industrial progress in England? In what ways did humans change their environment for industrial progress? Which natural characteristics were most important for the industrial revolution?

Factors of Production Land Labor Capital Britain takes the lead

Revolution in the textile industry Shift from the cottage industry to the factory system (power source?) 1).Harvest and clean the fiber or wool 2). Card it and spin it into threads 3). Weave the threads into cloth 4). Sew the cloth into clothes New machinery led to England taking the lead.

Critical Inventions 1733 John Kay: The flying shuttle (weaving) What was a concern with the flying shuttle? 1760’s James Hargreaves: The spinning jenny (improved spinning wheel) 1793 Eli Whitney: The cotton gin

What do you think is driving new innovations?

Other Imp. Inventions James Watt’s improved steam engine led to canals, shipping, etc. Who originally designed the steam engine? For what purpose? New road systems -turnpikes George Stephenson - locomotive. Led to Manchester-Liverpool (16 mph, fast). Railroads expanded quickly. Why are railroads important?

Replica of "The Rocket"

Impact on society… Population boom: (1750) European pop: 140 million (1850) European pop: 266 million Urbanization…growth of cities {movement of people to cities} (1800) London: 1 million (1850) London:2.5 million

Impact on society… Focus on industrial capitalism Late 1800s: nobles became the rich upper class Middle class grew Lower class: workers and peasants

Living Government non-interaction Garbage, police, crowding. Life span, medical problems. Women and child labor eventually curbed.

Factories Avg. work day: 14 hours. Avg. work week: 6 days, if not 7. Benefits? Child/Women Labor Cotton factories Coal mining

Liberal Movements in Response Labor laws to help workers Formation of Unions New ideas/movements/isms Socialism, Communism

Reform (Enlightenment Ideas) Factory Act 1833: limited child labor Illegal under 9, limited hours for others Mines Act 1842: limited women/children in mines Ten Hours Act 1847: take a guess Schooling

Union and Reform Movements Union: The act of uniting or the state of being united. Collective Bargaining (negotiations) leads to strikes. Ineffective until skilled workers unite with unskilled Combination Acts (1799, 1800) Repealed in 1825

Luddites Textile workers Why would they resist the mechanization of the textile industry? Smashed machines, burned factories Widely supported

United… in the Industrial Revolution Causes: Demand for more goods Need to meet the demand New developments in machinery New developments in industry Mass production New Factories New Jobs Urban development Industrial Revolution

Response of the working class Socialism, utopian communities  1848 Marx and Engels published “The Communist Manifesto” The poor or “proletariat” will control M.O.P. Social classes melt away  stateless society “Workers of the world unite” Predicted England would be first (most ind.) happened in Russia ironically “Revolution not reform”

Marxian socialism 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto” The poor or “proletariat” will control M.O.P. Social classes melt away  stateless society “Workers of the world unite” Predicted England would be first (most ind.) happened in Russia ironically “Revolution not reform”