Acids & Bases I. Intro to Acids & Bases  Definitions  Properties  Uses

A. Definitions  Acids Ionize to form hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) in water HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl –

A. Definitions  Bases Dissociate or ionize to form hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH -

A. Definitions  Indicator substance that changes color in an acid or base  Examples: litmus - red/blue phenolphthalein - colorless/pink goldenrod - yellow/red red cabbage juice - pink/green

B. Properties  sour taste  corrosive  electrolytes  turn litmus red  react with metals to form H 2 gas  bitter taste  corrosive  electrolytes  turn litmus blue  slippery feel

C. Uses  H 3 PO 4 - soft drinks, fertilizer, detergents  H 2 SO 4 - fertilizer, car batteries  HCl - gastric juice  HC 2 H 3 O 2 - vinegar

C. Uses  NaOH - lye, drain and oven cleaner  Mg(OH) 2 - laxative, antacid  NH 3 - cleaners, fertilizer

D. pH Scale 0 7 INCREASING ACIDITY NEUTRAL INCREASING BASICITY 14  pH a measure of the concentration of H 3 O + ions in solution measured with a pH meter or an indicator with a wide color range

D. pH Scale pH of Common Substances