Chapter 34 Mobility Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practices, 2E

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-2 Overview of Mobility  Body Alignment refers to the position of body parts in relation to each other.  Body Mechanics Range of motion reflects the extent to which a joint can move.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-3 Physiology of Mobility  The Musculoskeletal System Review Table 34-1 on the musculoskeletal system components  Nervous System Proprioception Postural Reflexes  Review Table 34-3 on reflexes that maintain postural tonus

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-4 Exercise  Types of Exercises Range-of-Motion Exercise  Physical Fitness Endurance and Strength Joint Flexibility Cardiorespiratory Fitness Body Composition Fitness in Older Adults

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-5 Factors Affecting Mobility  Health Status  Developmental Stage Children Adolescents Adults

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-6  Environment Review Nursing Tip on ensuring home safety  Attitudes and Beliefs  Lifestyle

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-7 Physiological Effects of Mobility and Immobility  Neurological Effects  Cardiovascular Effects  Respiratory Effects  Musculoskeletal Effects  Digestive Effects  Elimination Effects  Integumentary Effects

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-8 Assessment  Health History  Physical Examination Musculoskeletal Assessment Movement and Gait Alignment Endurance

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-9 Pathological Alterations Neurological Assessment Functional Assessment

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Nursing Diagnosis  NANDA-approved diagnoses Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility Risk of Disuse Syndrome Self-Care Deficits Altered Health Maintenance Risks for Falls

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Planning and Outcome Identification  Bed Rest  Restorative Nursing Care  Health Promotion and Fitness

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Implementation  Meeting Psychosocial Needs  Applying Principles of Body Mechanics Review Procedure 34-1 on practicing proper body mechanics

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Maintaining Body Alignment: Positioning Review Procedure 34-2 on positioning a client in bed Review Procedure 34-3 on performing range-of-motion (ROM) exercises  Transfer Techniques Moving Clients

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure 34-4 on moving a client in bed Review Procedure 34-5 on logrolling a client Transferring from Bed to Chair Review Procedure 34-6 on transferring a client from bed to chair

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Splints Transferring from Bed to Stretcher Review Procedure 34-7 on transferring a client from bed to stretcher with minimum assistance

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure 34-8 on transferring a client from bed to stretcher with maximum assistance Assistive Devices Review Procedure 34-9 on using a hydraulic (mechanical) lift

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Assisting with Ambulation Preparing the Client to Walk Review Procedure on assisting a client with ambulation Assistive Devices Review Table on assistive devices for ambulation

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure on assisting a client with crutch walking  Wellness Promotion  Complementary Treatment Modalities

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Evaluation  Measures of physical assessment, functional assessment, and performance of ADLs are used for follow-up evaluation of client’s status for activity and mobility.  Ongoing assessment of client’s activity and mobility is important because compliance with home exercise programs may lessen over time after discharge.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  The nurse should observe the client in the home setting to note the client’s ability to function within his or her own environment.