Dark Matter Search Results from the COUPP 4kg Bubble Chamber Russell Neilson for COUPP ICHEP 2012, Melbourne July 7, 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

Dark Matter Search Results from the COUPP 4kg Bubble Chamber Russell Neilson for COUPP ICHEP 2012, Melbourne July 7, 2012

The Chicagoland Observatory for Underground Particle Physics University of Chicago: J. Collar, D. Fustin, R. Neilson, A. Robinson Indiana University South Bend: E. Behnke, J. Behnke, T. Benjamin, A. Connor, C. Harnish, E. Grace Kuehnemund, I. Levine, T. Moan, T. Nania Fermilab: S. Brice, D. Broemmelsiek, P. Cooper, M. Crisler, J. Hall, W.H. Lippincott, E. Ramberg, A. Sonnenschein Northwestern: C.E. Dahl SNOLAB: E. Vazquez Jauregui Virginia Tech: D. Maurya, S. Priya U. Politecnica de Valencia: M. Ardid, M. Bou-Cabo July 7, 20122ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Superheated fluid CF 3 I – F for spin dependent – I for spin independent – Other fluids, eg C 3 F 8 offer complementary sensitivity. Observe bubbles with two cameras and piezo-acoustic sensors. COUPP bubble chambers July 7, 20123ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Why bubble chambers? Only proto-bubbles with r > r crit grow to be macroscopic Better than rejection of electron recoils (betas, gammas). Alphas are (were) a concern because bubble chambers are threshold detectors. July 7, 20124ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Discovery of acoustic discrimination against alphas (Aubin et al., New J. Phys.10:103017, 2008) – Alphas deposit their energy over tens of microns. – Nuclear recoils deposit theirs over tens of nanometers. In COUPP bubble chambers alphas are several times louder. Daughter heavy nucleus (~100 keV) Helium nucleus (~5 MeV) ~40 μm ~50 nm Observable bubble ~mm Acoustic discrimination July 7, 20125ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Bubble chamber operation Water (buffer) Propylene Glycol (hydraulic fluid) CF 3 I (target) to piston / pump Expand the chamber to the superheated state (10sec). Cameras see the bubble Trigger Stereoscopic position information Recompress the chamber (100msec) and wait 30sec after every bubble. Synthetic silica jar July 7, 20126ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

COUPP-4 at SNOLAB SNOLAB: 2.1km underground COUPP-4 ran July 7, 20127ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Exposure 17.4, 21.9, 97.3 live-days at 8, 11, 16 keV thresholds kg target, 79% cut-efficiency for nuclear recoils July 7, 20128ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Alpha rejection Better than 98.9% rejection against alphas with all data sets. Better than 99.3% rejection at 16keV threshold. July 7, 20129ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Alpha timing (radon) July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Neutron calibrations Threshold is determined using Seitz ‘Hot Spike’Model, Phys. Fluids 1, 2 (1958). Checked with neutron sources (AmBe, 252 Cf) employed regularly during the run. July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

COUPP-4 results 20 WIMP candidates 8 at 8keV 6 at 11keV 8 at 16keV 3 multiple bubble events → neutrons 5 expected neutron events from U, Th (α,n) in piezo-acoustic sensors and viewport windows. Events at low threshold in particular are inconsistent with WIMPs events show clustering in time (e.g. 3 in 3 hours, 4 in 9 hours) events are not consistent with neutron AP distribution events are correlated with activity at the water/CF3I boundary July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Spin-dependent limits Given uncertainties on background predictions, we do no background subtraction, arxiv: July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Spin-independent limits July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

COUPP-4 new run COUPP-4 re-installed at SNOLAB in May Piezo-acoustic sensors and viewport windows replaced with certified low-background parts. Higher purity CF 3 I. Results in a few months. July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Threshold/efficiency calibrations Pion-scattering experiment at Fermilab test beam to measure threshold and efficiency on iodine directly. Low, mono-energetic YBe neutron source to attack carbon and fluorine. Neutron beam measurements at Notre Dame. 12GeV pion beam with silicon pixel telescope to measure scattering angle. Example event: 10mrad scatter, 56keV Iodine recoil. July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

COUPP future COUPP-500 engineering and background studies under way. Data taking in ~2016. COUPP-60 ran at shallow site in Being installed at SNOLAB. Data taking begins in a few months. July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne

Sensitivity projections July 7, ICHEP 2012 Melbourne