Middle Eastern art VISUAL LITERACY COMM Ana Santos, Chevelle Reppert, Philip Scranage, Andrew Richards

Nomadic Osman tribe brings down Christian Byzantine empire 1402 Orhan Osman captures Bursa War with Venice Domination of Southeastern Europe and Middle East Decline of Ottoman empire World War I 1807 Economic Difficulty: Sea travel allows British and Dutch to avoid trade routes through Middle East Population growth Napoleon takes Egypt Centralization Process (postal roads, etc)

Geography The Ottoman empire was focused around Anatolia (Turkey). At its largest, the Ottoman family controlled the vast majority of the center of the known world.

ART AND ARCHITECTURE ArabesqueArabesque art motif characterized by repeating geometric forms and fancifully combined patterns; look like plants and animalsart motif characterized by repeating geometric forms and fancifully combined patterns; look like plants and animals Drew inspiration from religion, are not allowed to draw human shapes or representationsDrew inspiration from religion, are not allowed to draw human shapes or representations Style developed from Roman, Early Christian, and Byzantine artStyle developed from Roman, Early Christian, and Byzantine art symbolize the infinite nature of the creation of the one God (Allah)symbolize the infinite nature of the creation of the one God (Allah)

ART AND ARCHITECTURE MosquesMosques most characteristic monuments of Ottoman architecture Style also appears in Topkapı Saray, the huge palace complex in IstanbulStyle also appears in Topkapı Saray, the huge palace complex in Istanbul Hagia SofiaHagia Sofia

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

CLOTHING Simple patternsSimple patterns High quality cloth, linen and high-end woolHigh quality cloth, linen and high-end wool Full-coverageFull-coverage Caftans of lighter weight materials were worn closer to the body, with the heavier fabrics being the outer layersCaftans of lighter weight materials were worn closer to the body, with the heavier fabrics being the outer layers Apart from the quality and cost of the fabrics, there was little difference in the styles or articles of dress between rich and poor, nor between those of Muslims and non-MuslimsApart from the quality and cost of the fabrics, there was little difference in the styles or articles of dress between rich and poor, nor between those of Muslims and non-Muslims

CLOTHING Men wore an enormous white turban wrapped over a red cap with a high crown that projected above the turban. Blue and black caps are also sometimes seen in period illustrations.Men wore an enormous white turban wrapped over a red cap with a high crown that projected above the turban. Blue and black caps are also sometimes seen in period illustrations. At no time would a woman ever have appeared in public without her head coveredAt no time would a woman ever have appeared in public without her head covered

CLOTHING Caskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabricCaskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabric Sirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silkSirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silk Hirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silkHirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silk Kaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cottonKaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cotton Surkaftan (overcoat) (men); silkSurkaftan (overcoat) (men); silk

CLOTHING Caskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabricCaskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabric Sirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silkSirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silk Hirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silkHirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silk Kaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cottonKaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cotton Surkaftan (overcoat) (men); silkSurkaftan (overcoat) (men); silk

CLOTHING Caskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabricCaskir (Underpants) and Gonlek (undershirt) (both); light fabric Sirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silkSirwal (Punjabi pants) (both); silk Hirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silkHirka/Dolama (Jacket) (women); silk Kaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cottonKaftan (Coat) (both); medium or heavy fabric; all natural fibers except cotton Surkaftan (overcoat) (men); silkSurkaftan (overcoat) (men); silk

CLOTHING

DESIGN PRINCIPLES Miniatures in book illustrationsMiniatures in book illustrations proportion proportion Calligraphy as artCalligraphy as art line line

Design principles RepetitionRepetition pattern pattern Natural shapesNatural shapes Lots of flowersLots of flowers Geometric shapesGeometric shapes DomesDomes

Design principles Colors Colors Main colors: blue, red, yellow, greenMain colors: blue, red, yellow, green

MODERN DAY REFERENCES Today in the United States, there are many instances of Ottoman art and designToday in the United States, there are many instances of Ottoman art and design The most obvious would have to be the use of formal carpeting in many formal settingsThe most obvious would have to be the use of formal carpeting in many formal settings These kinds of setting featured patterned and repetitive carpeting that showed typical Ottoman colors: Red and YellowThese kinds of setting featured patterned and repetitive carpeting that showed typical Ottoman colors: Red and Yellow This particular example is from the Jefferson Hotel in Richmond, VAThis particular example is from the Jefferson Hotel in Richmond, VA

MODERN DAY REFERENCES Another obvious example would be the mosques that are spread across AmericaAnother obvious example would be the mosques that are spread across America The architecture has stayed the same throughout time and continues to keep its shapeThe architecture has stayed the same throughout time and continues to keep its shape This example is the American Islamic CenterThis example is the American Islamic Center It is the largest center for Islam outside of the Middle EastIt is the largest center for Islam outside of the Middle East It is located in Dearborn, MIIt is located in Dearborn, MI

MODERN DAY REFERENCES A final example has had some fierce debate recentlyA final example has had some fierce debate recently The Islamic Center set to be constructed near Ground Zero has drawn quite a lot of controversyThe Islamic Center set to be constructed near Ground Zero has drawn quite a lot of controversy Artistic wise however, it keeps to the rule of no human or living shapeArtistic wise however, it keeps to the rule of no human or living shape It’s architecture and shape also looks very similar to patterns drawn on the side of many mosques in the Middle EastIt’s architecture and shape also looks very similar to patterns drawn on the side of many mosques in the Middle East

WORKS CITED 1.htmhttp:// 1.htmhttp:// 1.htmhttp:// 1.htm turkey.asphttp:// turkey.asp Ottoman-Clothing-in-SCA-Periodhttp:// Ottoman-Clothing-in-SCA-Period