© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–12–1 Module 2 Objectives: YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1.Understand what is meant by “learning” 2.Understand, the basic concept of operant conditioning and how it can be applied in the workplace 3.Understand, recognize and apply the four schedules of reinforcement. 4.Understand and apply behavioral management principles in applied settings L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–22–2 Learning Involves change Is relatively permanent Is acquired through experience Learning Involves change Is relatively permanent Is acquired through experience

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–32–3 Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior Reinforcement Key Concepts Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior Reinforcement

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–42–4 Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Attention processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes Key Concepts Attention processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–52–5 Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence. Key Concepts Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–62–6 Schedules of Reinforcement

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–72–7 Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–82–8 E X H I B I T 2-4 Schedules of Reinforcement Fixed-ratio

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–92–9 Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement E X H I B I T 2-5a

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–10 Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) E X H I B I T 2-5b

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–11 Behavior Modification Problem-solving Model Identify critical behaviors Develop baseline data Identify behavioral consequences Apply intervention Evaluate performance improvement Problem-solving Model Identify critical behaviors Develop baseline data Identify behavioral consequences Apply intervention Evaluate performance improvement

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.2–12 OB MOD Organizational Applications  Well Pay versus Sick Pay –Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not absence.  Employee Discipline –The use of punishment can be counter-productive.  Developing Training Programs –OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.  Self-management –Reduces the need for external management control.