Archimedes: Engineer and Mathematician Levers: “Move the World” Buoyancy and density Optics.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Astronomy Ancient Philosophies.

Advertisements

History of Astronomy Notes

The History of Astronomy Part One The Ancients Astronomy “BC”

Helping to pave the way…. Aristotle 340 B.C Famous philosopher Said earth was round EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE REVOLVES AROUND THE EARTH- “Geocentric.

22.1 Early Astronomy.

Theories of Motion Through Time. Greek Thought.

ASTRONOMY 161 Introduction to Solar System Astronomy Class 5.

Models of the Solar System (C) Copyright all rights reserved

Ancient Astronomers Egyptians Egyptians Babylonians Babylonians Native Americans Native Americans Chinese Chinese Celts Celts Many Others Many Others.

Physics 202: Introduction to Astronomy – Lecture 3 Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research.

From Aristotle to Newton The history of the Solar System (and the universe to some extent) from ancient Greek times through to the beginnings of modern.

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Ancient Astronomy Objects in the Sky move in cycles –Stars, Sun, Moon, eclipses, etc. Why did most ancient people care? –Agriculture –Religion Egyptians.

Historical Astronomy 10000BC-3000BC 10000BC –constellations, lunar cycle, discovery of planets? –calendar refinements for agriculture –counting schemes.

History of Astronomy  Motions of the sky caused by and controlled by gods. Big Horn Medicine Wheel Temple at Caracol.

Early Models of the Universe. Pythagoreans (500 B.C.) Believed the stars, planets, sun, and moon were attached to crystalline spheres which rotated around.

Greek Astronomy. Ancient View of the Cosmos  Universe is 2-D  All celestial objects attached to a sphere.  Celestial Sphere is close  Climb a high.

CHAPTER 2: Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets.

Bell Ringer 9/8 OPINION QUESTION – How do you believe the solar system was formed?

From the ancients to the moderns Nicholas Copernicus (1473–1543) Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)

Web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System 1.heliocentric theory 2. geocentric theory 3. Aristotle 4. Aristarchus 5. Ptolemy 6. Copernicus 7. Johannes Kepler.

Birth of Cosmological Models Babylonians –1600 B.C.: first star catalogs compiled; recording of planetary motion –800 B.C.: planetary locations with respect.

Part 2: Motions of the Planets 1. Planets  While stars move through the sky they stay in the same place in relation to each other.  Ancient observers.

Origin of Modern Astronomy

Timeline of European History Ancient Medieval Modern History History History History History History (Middle Ages or Dark Ages) (Middle Ages or Dark Ages)

Ancient Cosmology Monday, September 29. geocentric For 2000 years, geocentric model for the universe was widely assumed. Spherical Earth at center of.

The History of Astronomy brought to you by: Mr. Youngberg.

Solar System Models Geocentric Model Earth Centered Moon, Sun, Planets, and Stars revolve around the Earth Feels right No observed parallax of stars.

“Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Theory” Claims and Evidence from the Ancient Astronomers Cornell Notes pg. 61.

History of Astronomy. Early Astronomy Astronomy Is science that the universe Greeks 600 B.C. – A.D. 150 Measured distances to the Sun and Moon.

History of Astronomy. Our Universe Earth is one of nine planets that orbit the sun The sun is one star in 100 billion stars that make up our galaxy- The.

Planetary Orbits The ancient Greeks (Aristotle and Plato) thought the only perfect shapes were the circle and line. All things fall in a line toward Earth,

Do now! We will have Wednesday in the computer suite to finish the presentations and you will do the presentations on FRIDAY.

Man’s View of the Universe By: Anthony Chitko. Aristotle Lived in Ancient Greek BC. Lived in Ancient Greek BC. Thought the Heavens were composed of fifty-five.

Ancient Greek and European

INTRODUCTION: During the Middle Ages “natural philosophers” as medieval scientists were known, did not make observations of the natural world. They relied.

Phases of the Moon What Can You See

Ancient Greek Thinking on Astronomy Aristotle’s geocentric model of the universe. 1.

2.1 History of Astronomy. What is Astronomy?  The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.

Earth Science 22.1 Origins of Astronomy Origins of Astronomy.

If you were an onlooker, how would you describe your physical surroundings in these pictures? PROVE IT WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE? PROVE IT!

Early Astronomy Chapter 22, Section 1.

Early Astronomers and Thinkers ponder this question before technology proved the results! By Miss O. IS THE EARTH THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE OR THE SUN?

Chapter 3b The Science of Astronomy. 3.2 Ancient Greek Science Why does modern science trace its roots to the Greeks? How did the Greeks explain planetary.

Planetary Motions and Lessons in Science. Can One Prove that the Earth is Round? Shadow of the Earth during a lunar eclipse Height of Polaris above the.

The 7 Planets of the Ancients The term "planet" originally meant "wanderer“ There were thought to be 7 such wanderers or planets: - Mercury, Venus, Mars,

1 Giants of Science Our understanding of the Universe developed slowly over centuries. Most of the breakthroughs came through careful study of the positions.

The Origins of Modern Astronomy: Astronomy before Copernicus Astro – Chapter 3-1.

The Cosmic Engine.

Lecture 3 Ancient astronomy Aristarchus, Ptolemy Modern astronomy Copernicus, Tycho, Galileo, Kepler, Newton Circular satellite motion and tide Light.

Scientific Revolution. Definition of the Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution ( ) was a period of time in which many breakthrough.

Our Planet and Solar System. Ancient and Pre-Modern Theories of the Universe/Solar System Aristotle’s theory of four elements Astronomy and Astrology.

From Magic to Science Foundations of Science  Magic and Science were Synonymous  Explanations = guesses  Religion explained nature.

Models of the Solar System. Earliest Astronomers (Before 400 BC) ► Early civilizations (e.g., Maya, Babylonians) observed the heavens for religious and.

1 The Dead Guys. 2 Timeline 3 Ancient Astronomy.

“It's a good thing we have gravity, or else when birds died they'd just stay right up there. Hunters would be all confused.” Stephen Wright.

THE OLD GUYS. Astronomers Click on astronomers to guide you through the PowerPoint. All red boxes are links. Use them to guide you!

Unit 2 - Motion. What is motion? Understanding motion is important in all areas of science. Do objects start moving on their own or is a force needed.

The Scientific Revolution GALILEO ON TRIAL Describe Aristotle's model of the Universe: A Geocentric view: Earth is in the middle of the universe. The.

The Scientific Revolution: Background and Overview Unit 3 - Day 1.

History of Astronomy Why did ancient cultures study astronomy? Several cultures kept very exact records of astronomical events (and could even predict.

“Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Theory”

Developing the Science of Astronomy

Motion of the sun Motion of the moon Motion of the stars

CHAPTER 27.2: Gravitation and the

The History of Astronomy

Force – An interaction between two objects resulting in a push or a pull. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)

Helping to pave the way…

“Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Theory”

The History of Astronomy

Presentation transcript:

Archimedes: Engineer and Mathematician Levers: “Move the World” Buoyancy and density Optics

Aristotle: “The Philosopher” (384 – 322 B.C.) Matter on earth made of Empedocles’ elements: Sublunary (below the moon) Matter in the Heavens made of the fifth element: Quintessence All objects on earth made of mixtures of the elements

How do objects move? Anthropomorphic approach Things go where they “want” to go Example: Heavy things, lots of earth, move down faster than light things, with air or fire Gaia hypothesis

Aristotle’s Forces For the most part, see last slide (anthropomorphic): natural motion Violent motion: making something go where it doesn’t want to go Ultimately natural motion wins out

And what is natural motion? For sublunary objects, the natural motion is to move in a straight line until stopped. Motive force keeps natural motion from immediately taking over Nature abhors a vacuum For heavenly bodies, natural motion is perfect circular motion

What about those heavenly bodies? All heavenly bodies are perfect spheres, the perfect shape They move on concentric spheres, centered on the Earth: Geocentric theory Need lots of spheres (56) to get it right

Aristotle: Philosophy or Science? All of his ideas based on reason: no experiments All together a “reasonable” world view based on limited observations Authoritative

Eratosthenes and Aristarchus Note Archimedes though Earth was round. Circumference measured by Eratosthenes in 3 rd century B.C. Aristarchus postulated a sun–centered, Heliocentric system

Why did we need all those spheres in slide 6? Retrograde motion Ptolemy (85 – 165 A.D.) Deferents, epicycles, and subepicycles (like a spirograph) 76 curves necessary

Problems, as always Should all things really fall at the same rate? Ockham’s Razor (1300) Too many spheres (curves)? Motive Force?

Starting to solve those problems. Middle ages (Dark ages) most of ancient learning is lost 13 th century – Universities Leonardo daVinci and the Renaissance Late 1400’s, “lost” knowledge rediscovered.