Chapter 9 Review

 Organisms get the energy they need by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy.

 Fermentation is a stage of cellular respiration.

 Krebs cycle - electron transport – glycolysis is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration.

 The correct equation for cellular respiration: 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 -> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy

 Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down ATP

 The reactants in the equation for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen.

 Water is a product of cellular respiration.

 Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires glucose.

 Anaerobic bacterium organism are NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration.

 The fermentation process does NOT release energy from glucose.

 Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes.

 Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to mitochondria.

 Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in animal cells only.

 Plants release energy from glucose using photosynthesis.

 The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

 Glycolysis is the processes that takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

 Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of 36 ATP molecules.

 The starting molecule for glycolysis is pyruvic acid.

 Glycolysis requires ATP to start the process.

 Glucose is NOT a product of glycolysis.

 NAD + is an electron carrier that plays a role in cellular respiration.

 Pyruvic acid is the starting molecule for the Krebs cycle.

 The Krebs cycle does NOT occur without the presence of oxygen.

 The Krebs cycle produces lactic acid.

 The Krebs cycle starts with pyruvic acid and yields lactic acid.

 In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by alcoholic fermentation.

 In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the outer cell membrane.

 NADH and FADH 2 pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

 High-energy electrons that move down the electron transport chain ultimately provide the energy needed to convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules.

 The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is directly used to split water molecules.

 Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately 2 ATP molecules.

 Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells.

 The two main types of fermentation are called alcoholic and lactic acid.

 The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to lactic acid fermentation.

 When microorganisms in milk produce acid under certain conditions, yogurt results because alcoholic fermentation is key in the production of yogurt.

 During fermentation, NAD + is regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue.

 The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires NADH.

 Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of making more citric acid.

 When the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, it generates ATP by carrying out cellular respiration.

 The energy needed to win a 1-minute footrace is produced mostly by lactic acid fermentation.