Kosovo War

Where is Kosovo?

History of Yugoslavia  1945 – SFRY was formed  1980 – After Tito’s death  1991 – 4 of Yogoslav’s countries  1992 – New Yugoslavia(Serbia- Montenegro)  2002 – Agreement about Federation’s disorganization  Disorganization

Kosovo?  Around 90% of people are Albanians  The president of Serbia Milosevic deprive Kosovo of autonomy (1989)  Kosovo wanted to fusion with Albania May, 1992 they hold a general election Organize KLA, armed strike  Early in 90s they wanted to independent

Kosovo?  Albanian separatists started to attack Serb police(March, 1998)  The ethnic cleansing(Sept, 1998)  International community blamed Milosevic  Peace talks – Serbs refuse to sign(Feb, 1999)  NATO’s ultimatum(22 nd March, 1999)  Milosevic and Serb assembly admitted peace treaty(June, 1999)

Think about it  During NATO’s attack to Serbs, there were more and more Albanian casualties  Without UNSC’s resolution  Repeat only airstrikes  No casualty in NATO  No benefit? No action!

What is Kosovo’s status now?  Kosovo has been administered by the U N since 1999 why was no deal reached?  Kosovo would accept nothing but full ind ependence  Serbia was only prepared to offer broad autonomy

What did the UN propose?  The UN’s special envoy Martti Ahtisaari offered Kosovo “supervised independence” in April - steer Kosovo towards full independence and m embership of the UN - prevent Kosovo from combining with Albania - guaranteed places for the Serb minorities in loc al government and parliament →Serbia and Russia oppose the Ahtisaari plan…

When will Kosovo declare Independence ？  In January or February  Envisages a transitional period of 120 days →a new constitution would be adopted and safeguards erected to guarantee the Serb minority’s right  After the 120-day period ends – in late April or Ju ne, Kosovan independence would be effective

What will happen to the Serb minority?  There is already a partition in the Serb-domin- ated areas of Kosovo, north of the Ibar river  Serbs in the region may declare their own autonomous  Barricades might be erected But some 60,000 Serbs live in south of the Ibar river – and some 5,000 ethnic Albanians live in the north of it

How far could it spread?  The 60% of Kosovo Serbs who live south of the Ibar river might violently driven from their homes  The expulsion of ethnic Albanians living in north Kosovo, and in the Presevo and Bujanovac regions of southern Serbia

The effects on other countries  Separatists in other parts of the world would feel their case was strengthened  Serbia and Russia will not recognize an independent Kosovo  Serbia has threatened sanctions agai- nst countries that recognize Kosovo’s independence

How do the international communities work for Kosovo?  Nato, which has 16,000 peacekeepers in Kosovo, has pledged a strong response to any outbreak of violence  The EU is expected to gradually take over many of the UN’s duties, though some form of UN presence is likely to remain  EU plans to have an “international civilian office” in Kosovo to supervise the implem- entation of the Ahtisarri plan

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