N. K. Manglik Director

 Hydro-meteorological observations could be broadly defined as the scientific way for collection of flow data at a specific location along the river including selected meteorological parameters  The reliability of the data is an important attribute for assessing the water resources in terms of quantity, quality and distribution in time and space.

Assessment of basin wise water availability and management Planning and design of water resources projects Study of climate change Flood forecast Flood mitigation Formulating National Water Policy

Reservoir inflow forecasting Water quality assessment Sediment assessment Morphological studies Assessment of navigational potential for inland waterways Resolving inter-state or international water disputes

 Study of the effect of nature and human interference  On surface water availability and its distribution  Research purposes  Estimation of periodical flow distribution during various seasons  Other purpose

 Water Level (Gauge)  Discharge or Flow  Water Quality  Silt  Selected Meteorological parameters including snow observations

Hydrological network optimization is a slow and evolutionary process, starting with a minimum number of stations, and increasing gradually (as necessary) until an optimum network is attained. An optimum network is achieved when the amount and quality of data collected and information processed is economically justifiable and it meets the users’ needs

Hydro-meteorological observation network in a basin depends on:  Purpose or objective  Terrain or Physiographic region in the basin

SN SN Physio- graphic Region Minimum density (area in km 2 per station) Precipitation Station Evaporation Station Stream flow Station Sediment discharge and sedimentation Water Temperature (Water Quality Station) Non – recording Recording 1.Coastal900 9,000 50,000 2,750 18,30055,000 2.Mountainous250 2,500 50,000 1,000 6,70020, Interior Plains 575 5,750 50,000 1,875 12,50037, Hilly/ Undulating 575 5,750 50,000 1,875 12,50047,500 5.Small islands , ,0006,000 6.Polar/arid10, ,000 20, ,000 Minimum hydro-meteorological stations WMO Guidelines

 Primary stations  Key gauging stations, Principal stations  Maintained on long term basis to generate representative flow series  Secondary stations  Short duration stations  Period enough to establish the flow characteristics of the river or stream.  Special purpose stations  Specific purpose stations or project stations or temporary stations  Discontinued when the purpose is served.  Fulfillment of legal agreement between co-basin states.  The primary as well as the secondary stations also many a times serve as special purpose stations.

Hydro-Meteorological Station of CWC (878)

Sensors No of sites MCO NTBO UGBO LGBO IBO KGBO BBBO MERO YBO TOTAL A-type- Rainfall B-type -Rainfall & River Water Level C-Type -Rainfall & Reservoir Water Level D-type -Rainfall, Water Level, Temperature, Humidity, Evaporation, Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Solar Radiation TOTAL EXISTING TELEMETRY

S. N. StateGGDGDQGDSGDSQGQ Grand Total 1Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh D.& NH Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand

S. N.State GGDGDQGDSGDSQGQ Grand Total 14Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Odisha Pondicherry Rajasthan Sikkim Tamilnadu Tripura

S. NoState GGDGDQGDSGDSQGQ Grand Total 27Telengana Uttar Pradesh Uttrakhand West Bengal Grand Total

S. NName of BasinGGDGDQGDSGDSQGQ Grand Total 1.Brahmani-Baitarni Basin Cauvery Basin East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar East Flowing Rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari Ganga/Brahmaputra/Meghna/ Barak Basin Godavari Basin Indus Basin Krishna Basin Mahanadi Basin Mahi Basin

SnName of BasinGGDGDQGDSGDSQGQG. Total 11.Narmada Basin Pennar Basin Sabarmati Basin Subernarekha Basin Tapi Basin WFR from Tapi to Tadri WFR from Tadri to Kanyakumari WFR of Kutchh & Saurashtra Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan Desert Minor Rivers draining Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh Grand Total

Meteorological Station of CWC

S. No TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArGwlFcsFF 1.Brahmani - Baitarni Basin Cauvery Basin East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar East Flowing Rivers between Pennar to Kanyakumari Ganga-Brahamaputra-Meghna/Barak Godavari Basin

S. No TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArGwlFcsFF 7.Indus Basin Krishna Basin Mahanadi Basin Mahi Basin Narmada Basin Pennar Basin

S. No TotalRf Rf (T) MtHuSsPe WvWv SgArGwlFcsFF 13.Sabarmati Basin Subarnarekha & Burhabalang Basin Tapi Basin West Flowing Rivers from Tadri to Kanyakumari West Flowing Rivers from Tapi to Tadri West Flowing Rivers of Kutchh & Saurashtra

S. No TotalRf Rf (T) MtHuSsPeWvSgArGwlFcsFF 19.Minor Rivers draining in to Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh Area of Inland Drainage in Rajasthan Desert Grand Total

S.No.TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 1.Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Delhi Goa

S.No.TotalRfRftMtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 9.Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh J&K Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh

S.No. No. of Met. Stations RfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 17.Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Orissa Pondicherry Rajasthan Sikkim

S.No.TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 25.Tamilnadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Grand Total

S. No. Total RfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArGwlFcsFF 1Brahmani - Baitarni Basin Ganga-Brahamaputra-Meghna/Barak Godavari Basin Indus Basin Krishna Basin

S. No. TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 6Mahanadi Basin Mahi Basin Narmada Basin Tapi Basin West Flowing Rivers from Tadri to Kanyakumari G. Total

S. No. TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 1.Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh

SnTotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 6.Dadra & Nagar Haveli Delhi Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Madhya Pradesh

S. No. TotalRfRf(T)MtHuSsPeWvSgArFcsFF 13.Maharashtra Orissa Uttarakhand G. Total

Proposed Hydro-Meteorological Station (1917)

Proposed Hydro-Meteorological Station (800) in 12 th Plan

StatesFCSGGDGDQGDSGDSQ SG & MGrand Total Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh64313 Delhi11 Gujarat325 Haryana718 Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand5117 Karnataka Kerala16218 Lakshadweep11

StatesGGDGDQGDSGDSQ SG & MGrand Total Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland11 Odisha Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu21324 Tripura112 Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Grand Total

ORG.FCSGGDGDQGDSGDSQSG & MG. Total BBBO CSRO IBO KGBO LGBO MCO MERO NBO NTBO TBO UGBO YBO Grand Total

SNStateNo. of proposed H.O. Stations 1 Andaman and Nicobar5 2 Andhra Pradesh81 3 Telangana29 4 Arunachal Pradesh57 5 Assam125 6 Bihar124 7 Chhattisgarh53 8 Delhi2 9 Gujarat4 10 Haryana26 11 Himachal Pradesh39 12 Jammu and Kashmir50 13 Jharkhand34 14 Karnataka93 State wise- Proposed Hydrological Observation Stations (1917)

SNStateNo. of proposed H.O. Stations 15 Kerala26 16 Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur24 19 Meghalaya15 20 Mizoram38 21 Nagaland15 22 Orissa71 23 Rajasthan70 24 Sikkim18 25 Tamil Nadu84 26 Tripura6 27 Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand71 29 West Bengal66 Total1917 State wise- Proposed Hydrological Observation Stations (1917)

Basin/OrganizationNo. of proposed H.O. Stations Brahamputra and Barak Basin297 Cavery and Southern River 203 Indus Basin 98 Krishna and Godavari Basin 156 Lower Ganga Basin 179 Monitoring ( C) 95 Mahanadi and Eastern River 132 Narmada Basin 55 Narmada and Tapi Basin 55 Teesta Basin 17 Upper Ganga Basin 317 Yamuna Basin 313 Grand Total1917 Basin Wise Summary of Proposed Hydrological Stations (1917) )

Symbol used for Stations RfRainfall Rf (T)Rainfall Telemetry station MtMax/Min Temperature or Air Temperature HuHumidity SsSunshine PePan-evaporation WvWind Speed and Wind Direction SgSnow Gauge ArAutomatic Raingauge/SRRG FcsFull Climatic Station/Automatic Weather Station HOHydrological Observation Station FFFlood Forecasting Station HOIWHydrological Observation Station for Investigation Works