11.1 Cells and Batteries (Page 437-444)
Learning Goals I can describe the components of electric circuits. I can explain how voltaic cells work. I can explain how electrical cells are classified. I can contrast electric and hybrid vehicles with regular, gas burning vehicles.
KEY CONCEPTS: In a voltaic cell, chemical reactions involve two different metals or metals compounds (called electrodes), and a conducting solution or a paste (called an electrolyte).
A battery is a connection of two or more cells.
A dry cell contains an electrolyte that is a paste, whereas a wet cell contains an electrolyte that is a liquid solution.
A primary cell can be used only once, and then it is discarded, whereas a secondary cell can be recharged many times.
A fuel cell generates electricity using chemical reactions of fuel stored outside the cell.
A solar cell converts sunlight, a renewable energy source, into electrical energy.
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Regular gas-burning cars use fuel and release carbon dioxide at all times, even when stuck in traffic Electric cars charged by the power generated at oil burning generating plants convert twice as much energy to making the cars move Hybrids save on fuel by converting braking energy into electrical energy which can later be used to move the car Hybrids and electric cars, waste less fuel and produce less CO2 than regular gas cars
Electric Circuits Electric circuit: a closed path along which electrons that are powered by an energy source can flow
Electrical Cell Terminology Electrical cell: a device that is used to generate electricity Terminal: the point at which a conductor comes to an end Battery: a connection of two or more cells Electrode: one of two metal terminals in a cell or battery Electrolyte: a solution or paste that conducts charge
Voltaic Cells Voltaic cell: a source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a solution that is a conductor The solution is an electrolyte Electrons flow from one electrode to the other outside of the battery, while inside the battery the circuit is closed by the electrolyte's ions
Voltaic Cells Video: How voltaic cells work
Voltaic Cells
Types of Cells Dry cell Wet cell Primary cell Secondary cell Fuel cell Solar cell
Types of Cells and Examples of Each One Type of Cell Description Examples Dry Cell A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste. Zinc-carbon cells Alkaline cells Wet Cell A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a liquid. Lead acid batteries
A cell that can be used only once. Zinc-carbon cells Type of Cell Description Examples Primary Cell A cell that can be used only once. Zinc-carbon cells Secondary Cell A cell that can be recharged. Nickel-metal hydride cells
A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Type of Cell Description Examples Fuel Cell A cell that generates electricity through the chemical reactions of fuel that is stored outside the cell. Hydrogen fuel cell Solar Cell A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Solar panels
Practice Page 445 # 1-5, 8