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Chemical reactions of life Processes of life building molecules synthesis breaking down molecules digestion ++

What Are Enzymes?  Helps speed up a chemical reaction 3

Enzymes catalyze (Speed up)  Are specific for what they will catalyze (Speed up) ase  End in –ase -Sucrase  Sucrose -Lactase  Lactose -Maltase  Maltose 4

Substrates  A molecule upon which an enzyme acts 5

How do enzymes Work? weakening bonds which lowers activation energy Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy 6

Activation Energy  minimum energy that must be input to a chemical system 7

Enzymes 8 8 Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation Without Enzyme With Enzyme

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants enter into a reaction. Products are results after a chemical reaction 9 Enzyme Substrate Joins

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants are the compounds that enter into a reaction. Products are produced through a chemical reaction 10 Enzyme result Products

Active Site  A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. 11 Enzyme Substrate Active Site

 A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. 12 Enzyme Substrate Active Site

What Affects Enzyme Activity?  Temperature, PH balance, Inhibitors 13

Two examples of Enzyme Inhibitors a. Competitive inhibitors: a. Competitive inhibitors: a chemical that physically blocks the substrate by entering the active site 14 Enzyme Competitive inhibitor Substrate

Inhibitors 15 b.Noncompetitive inhibitors: Chemicals that attached to another part of the enzyme to change the active site Enzyme active site altered Noncompetitive Inhibitor Substrate

Denature 16

Denature 17 -A structural change in macromolecules caused by extreme conditions -Enzyme no longer is effective