Cladograms = a diagram that we use to show phylogenies A phylogeny = evolutionary history Cladograms: -show relationships between organisms -are assembled using evidences of evolution -can be changed with new data

Example 1 After which animal did protection from the elements arise? Branch points indicate a common ancestor Direction of time After which animal did protection from the elements arise?

Example 2 What does all life stem from according to this picture?

Example 3

How do you build a cladogram?

Step 1: Create a table listing all the characteristics of the organisms Hair Bipedal (walks on two legs) Tail Foot flexibility Written Language Human Ape Mouse Monkey

Step 2: put an X in the boxes that have the trait (for each organism) Hair Bipedal Tail Foot Flexibility Written Language Human X x Ape Mouse Monkey

Step 3: count up the Xs. The more Xs the older the trait. Hair Bipedal Tail Foot Flexibility Written Language Human X x Ape Mouse Monkey Total 4 3 2 1

Step 4: Draw a diagonal line to represent time Step 4: Draw a diagonal line to represent time. Each point will represent a common ancestor. Each branch is a new species. Traits are written on the main line. Mouse hair

Step 5: Continue until the cladogram is complete Ape Human Monkey Written language Mouse Tail bipedal hair

You try… Characteristic Sponge Jellyfish Flatworm Earthworm Cells with flagella X Body Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Segmented body