UNIT 2: WARMUP #6

CHAPTER 8

Deviance  behavior that violates significant social norms

Stigma  mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

Functionalist Perspective  theory: Strain How do individuals respond to culturally approved goals & the legitimate means of achieving them? ○ conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

Conflict Perspective  theory: Conflict What is the result of competition & social inequality? ○ deviance Who decides: what is deviant? ○ ruling classes

Interactionist Perspective  theory: Control Why do people conform to norms? ○ the strength of social ties determines conformity  theory: Cultural Transmission How do people learn conformity or deviance? ○ through socialization or interaction w/ others Where does this learning primarily occur? ○ primary groups

Interactionist Perspective (ctnd.)  theory: Labeling How do people become identified as deviant? ○ through secondary deviance or labeled as deviant

Applying Sociology  Labeling can have both negative & positive results. A study of junior high students found that being labeled as deviant led to feelings of self-rejection. Those feelings in turn contributed to students being more likely to view deviant acts as positive & to associate with others who performed deviant acts. Such associations, in turn, often led to increased acts of deviance. Do you agree that labeling is self-fulfilling? Why or why not? ○ example: Communism in the 1950s  McCarthyism

8.2:

Crime  any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law & is punishable by the government

Police  have the most control over who is arrested for crimes use police discretion which has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling

Courts  determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial & then assigns a punishment actually settles 90% of cases through plea bargaining

Corrections  includes probation, imprisonment, parole serves 4 functions: ○ retribution ○ deterrence ○ rehabilitation ○ social protection

Juvenile-Justice System  applies to offenders younger than 18 guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights & privileges as adults often provides more services

CHAPTER 8:  Page 185: #3-4  Page 197: #2-3  Page 198: #1-10 Identifying People & Ideas  Page 198: #1-4 Understanding Main Ideas  Page 199: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills