 Asexual (relies on mitosis): all of the parents DNA goes to the offspring  Sexual (relies on meiosis): used to create sex cells

1) BODY CELLS 2) SEX CELLS

All cells other than sex cells -Also called somatic cells -Made by mitosis This scanning electron micrograph (courtesy of Dr. Marion J. Barnhart) shows the characteristic biconcave shape of red blood cells.

-Contain 2 copies of each chromosome -called homologous chromosomes -have diploid #, 2n EX. Humans =46

*Also called gametes *Eggs and sperm *Made by meiosis *Have haploid #, n *EX. Humans =23

Egg (haploid #)Sperm(haploid #) ZYGOTE (diploid #) Ex. Humans =46

Reduction division -starts with 1 diploid cell and ends up with 4 haploid cells

MEIOSIS I AND MEIOSIS II

Meiosis I (P1, M1, A1, T1) -homologous chromosome pairs are divided -two new daughter cells are produced -reduction division

Meiosis II (P2, M2, A2, T2) - Two sister chromatids are split into two daughter cells - Analagous to mitosis because chromosome # stays the same

MALES Meiosis occurs in testes at puberty and then occurs as needed 1 spermatocyte=4 sperm FEMALES Meiosis occurs in the ovaries before birth 1 oocyte=1 egg and 3 wasted cells

HOW MANY CELLS ARE MADE? Mitosis 2 Meiosis 4

ARE RESULTING CELLS GENETICALLY THE SAME OR DIFFERENT? Mitosis Genetically the same Meiosis Genetically different

WHAT TYPES OF CELLS RESULT IN THE PROCESS? (BODY CELLS OR GAMETES) Mitosis Body cells Meiosis Gametes

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF EACH PROCESS? Mitosis Growth and repair Meiosis Formation of sex cells and genetic variation