Catalyst #17 Pg. 87- Take out Flashcards 1.Go to the class website Open and do the Catalyst: Anatomy: Lesson 85- Catalyst #17-4/3-4/4 AND ANATOMY: LESSON 83- Drugs on the Brain PPT-4/3-4/4 AND Anatomy: Lesson 85- Drugs Graphic Organizer-4/3-4/4 AND Anatomy: Lesson 85- Brain Dissection Pre Lab-4/3-4/4 Semester 2 Table of Contents 24. Lesson 82- Action Potential Simulation Pg Lesson 83- Synaptic Transmission Pg Lesson 84- Drugs Intro Pg Lesson 85- Drugs (2) Pg Assigned Vocabulary- Due TODAY 42. Synapse 43. Synaptic cleft 44. Pre synaptic neuron 45. Post synaptic neuron 46. Synaptic Vesicle Assigned Vocabulary- Due Next Th/Fri 47. Agonist 48. Antagonist 49. Stimulant 50. Depressant

Fight-Or-Flight: Rest-and-Digest:

(1) Presynaptic neuron (2) Postsynaptic neuron (3) neurotransmitter

Announcements Brain Dissection: 4/7-4/8 –Pre lab needs to be completed in order to be part of the dissection –You will be assigned to groups of 4 –Dissection= 1 test grade (you cannot make this up) Nervous System Test: 4/11-4/12 –1 test grade Notebook Check Date Change AND Grade Change: –Wednesday 4/10 –Count as 2 grades for March AND April TOTAL: 4 grades

Let’s Explore (20-30 min)-Pg.90 Directions: –Click on 5 drugs –Read the entire page –Fill out your graphic organizer

Explain the different categories of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Get Ready for Notes Pg Title: Drugs on the Brain

What is a drug? Any substance that produces a change in the structure or function of your body A psychoactive drug produces a change in the structure of your function of your brain drugs Psychoactive drugs Stimulant Depressant Opiate hallucinogen

Categories of psychoactive drugs 1 stimulant 2 depressant 3 opiate 4 hallucinogen

Sympathetic Nervous System

1. stimulant Speeds up body processes by acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper” Based on the above, what symptoms would you predict? caffeine cocaine amphetamines nicotine

1. stimulant Speeds up body processes by acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper” Symptoms Abnormal cheerfulness or talkativeness Frequent urination Loss of appetite Difficulty sleeping Increased heart rate & breathing Anxiety caffeine cocaine amphetamines nicotine

2. depressants

2. depressant Slows down body processes by acting on parasympathetic nervous system (“downers”) Symptoms slows down breathing and heart rate slows down reflexes disrupts coordination Impairs judgment lack of concentration barbiturates tranquilizers alcohol

Stop & Think Compare and contrast stimulants versus depressants

3. opiate Endorphins make you happy Opiates are agonists for endorphins, and are used a painkillers heroin morphine Methadone codeine

3. opiate Symptoms Produce a sense of euphoria and well-being, blocking out pain and problems Drowsiness Lack of attention Loss of appetite Extremely addictive Your body: “You don’t need me to make endorphins anymore, right?” heroine morphine Methadone codeine

4. hallucinogens “psychedelics” Changes your perceptions of things: sensory hallucinations, loss of identify, vivid fantasies Persistent: reverse tolerance Disassociatives: A type of hallucinogen that blocks signals to the conscious mind from the rest of the brain LSD mushrooms Peyote PCP

5. uncategorized Some drugs are complex and have characteristics of multiple categories Examples of these drugs include marijuana and ecstasy

Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the Synapse presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the Synapse presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

Action Potential Arrives presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

Synaptic Vesicle merges membrane presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft (diffusion) presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post synaptic neuron presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter receptor

This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter receptor Excitation more action potentials

Neurotransmitter reuptake (“recycling”) presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) neurotransmitter receptor excitation more action potentials inhibition fewer action potentials glutamate GABA

An agonist is a “pretender” presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

An antagonist blocks the receptor presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor

agonistantagonist A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.

agonist A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.

agonistantagonist Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.

antagonist Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.

Cocaine/Crack The drug block the reuptake channels for dopamine. When dopamine is released, it is unable to return back to the pre- synaptic neuron. This causes more neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft, more sodium channels are open, and more action potentials are fired.

LSD The drug most resembles the neurotransmitter serotonin, so it is able to unlock the postsynaptic receptor. This causes more action potentials (electric signaling) in the visual cortex of the brain.

Meth This drug enters the pre-synaptic neuron through the reuptake channels and takes the place of dopamine in the synaptic vesicles. The dopamine is then bullied out and pushed into the synaptic cleft causing an overflow of the neurotransmitter.

Alcohol This drug increases the effect of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It slows down action potentials. The other way is that it blocks post- synaptic receptors for glutamate so that the glutamate cannot bind to postsynaptic receptors and release a signal.

Marijuana Cannabinoid receptors exist in the hippocampus, cerebellum Cannabinoid receptors are activated by a neurotransmitter called anandamide. THC mimics the actions of anandamide, meaning that THC binds with cannabinoid receptors and activates neurons, Blocks acetylcholine from being released.

Brain Dissection Pre Lab- Separate sheet of paper that you will turn in on Mon/Tues Needs to be complete in order to do lab on Mon/Tues REMEMBER: You cannot make up the brain lab Unexcused Absent= NP