By: Sh. Hassan Ali

Similar Sound Letters: أ ع ت ق ث س ص د ض ذ ز ظ ك ط ه ح خ غ

Full Mouth Letters: خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق

ا و ى 1)Alif is a letter of Madd when, alif has a letter with a fatha before it. 2) Waaw is a letter of Madd when, Waaw is Saakin and has a letter with a Dhammah before it. نوح يها هاها نونوLetters of Madd:

ى 3) Yaa is a letter of Madd when, Yaa is Saakin and has a letter with a Kasra before it. حي 4) Fatha madd is in place of Alif Maddah فَٱلۡحَـٰمِلَـٰتِ وِقۡرً۬ا Letters of Madd:

6) Kasra madd is in place of Yaa Maddah 5) Dhammah madd is in place of Waaw Maddah Letters of Madd:

TThere are 5 letters of Qalqalah: QQalqalah is a quality, which when pronounced, appears to have a bouncing sound Qalqalah: لَمۡ يَلِدۡ ق ط ب ج د وَمَا ڪَسَبَ فَوَسَطۡنَ بِهِ نَقۡعً۬ ا وَٱلۡفَجۡ رِ

1) MADDUL ASLEE There are 2 types of Madd Types of Madd (To Stretch): If after any letter of Madd there is no Hamzah ( ء ) ّ ْ Examples: وَلَ يَالٍ ٱلَّذِ ينَ فَيَقُو لُ They will stretched for 1 Alif, they are called Maddul-Aslee

2) MADDUL FAR’IE Types of Madd (To Stretch): If after any letter of Madd there is Hamzah ( ء ) ّ ْ Examples: It will be stretched for 3-5 Alifs, they are called Maddul-Far’ie وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ آلْئنَ

Noon Kitney: 1/3 1) If after ًٌٍ tanween there is a ْ or ّ letter and waqf is not desired (want to continue), then 1 harakat of tanween will be taken out and a Noon with a kasra ( نِ ) is put to join the next letter. This Noon is called Noon-e-Kitney. قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ

Noon Kitney: 2/3 1) If after ًٌٍ tanween there is a ْ or ّ letter and waqf is not desired (want to continue), then 1 harakat of tanween will be taken out and a Noon with a kasra ( نِ ) is put to join the next letter. This Noon is called Noon-e-Kitney. هُمَزَةٍ۬ لُّمَزَةٍ ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ

Noon Kitney: 3/3 2) If Waqf is made on the Tanween letter then Noon Kitney will not be pronounced. هُمَزَةٍ۬ لُّمَزَةٍ ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ

Rules of Noon Sakin & Tanween: Izhaar Idghaam Qalb (Iqlaab) There are 4 rules: Ikhfa ٍ ً ٌ

Rules of Noon Saakin & Tanween: Izhaar means to pronounce the letters from their Makhraj, clearly and distinctively without any changes (Without Ghunnah). Izhaar: Rule: If after noon saakin or tanween there appears any of the letters of Hurooful Halqi أ ه ع ح غ خ

Rules of Noon Saakin & Tanween: نَارٌ حَامِيَةُۢ Examples: أ ه ع ح غ خ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ذَرَّةٍ خَيۡرً۬ا مِنۡ أَهۡلِ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ عَنْهُ

Rules of Noon Saakin & Tanween: Idghaam: Note: The literal meaning of Idghaam is to enter one thing into another. Rule: If after noon saakin نْ or tanween ًٌٍ there appears any of the six letters of Yarmaaloon ( يَرْمَلُوْن) the Idghaam will take place. ي ر م ل و ن

Rules of Noon Saakin & Tanween: Idghaam: Rule: In two (2) letters ل and ر the Idghaam will be complete (taam), which is known as Idghaam Taam. ر ل فَعَّالٌ۬ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ Note: Idghaam in this will be without Ghunnah. غَفُوْرٌ رَحِيْمٌ أَنْ لَّنْ يَحُورَ مِنْ رَّحْمَتِهِ تَوَّابًا رَّحِيْمًا مِنْ لَّدُنْ

Rules of Noon Saakin & Tanween: Idghaam: Rule: If after noon saakin نْ or tanween ًٌٍ there appears any of the six letters of Yarmaaloon ( يَرْمَلُوْن) the Idghaam will take place. ي ر م ل و ن وَشَاهِدٍ۬ وَمَشۡہُودٍ۬ قُرۡءَانٌ۬ مَّجِيدٌ۬