Asian Longhorned Beetle Bob Heyd Forest Health Management

MDNR Forest Management Division Forest Health, Inventory & Monitoring Exotic Forest Pest and Pest Management –Exotic Forest Pests: New and on the horizon –Management Strategies for native and exotic pests Forest Health Monitoring –Aerial Survey –Ground Detection and Evaluation surveys –Short and Long-Term Monitoring Inventory

>31 Exotic Borers discovered in the contiguous US from 1985 to early Exotic 2 Exotics 3 Exotics 4 Exotics 6 Exotics First found in 17 states 5 Cerambycids 1 Siricid 3 Buprestids 22 Scolytids 14 ambrosia, 8 bark beetles

Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

imported wooden crate with tunneling damage

plugged hole in crating

Asian Longhorned Beetle

Origin: Native pest of Asia (China and Korea) Distribution: Populations of ALB have been detected in Japan, Canada, Austria, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Poland, the Netherlands, and Germany Host Range: In the U.S., the known ALB hosts include all species of 12 tree genera: Maple, boxelder, willow, elm, birch, horsechestnut, poplar, ash, London plane tree, mimosa, European mountain ash, hackberry, katsura tree…

Potential Economic Impacts Affected industries: –Maple syrup –Tree nurseries –Lumber and veneer –Home construction –Furniture and cabinets –Pulp and paper –Firewood –Tourism

Potential Environmental Impacts ALB host trees are an important component to forest ecosystems as well as urban environments: Habitat for animals Prevent soil erosion Climate regulation (shade, block wind) Diminish storm water runoff Reduce air, water, and noise pollution

Michigan Impacts Hard Maple and Aspen constitute 27% (7.2 billion cubic feet), or 43% (155 million cubic feet) of the commercial harvests statewide. Michigan's forest-based economy is estimated to be 200,000 jobs and over $12 billion of value-added. –Includes forest-based tourism and recreation (50,000 jobs and $3 billion); and forest products industries/manufacturing (150,000 jobs and $9 billion).

Risks to the USA Timber Industry In 1986, timber was the most important agricultural crop in the U.S. in terms of dollar value of production, surpassing corn, soybean and hay. The delivered value of the 1986 U.S. timber output was $17.1 billion (in 1996 dollars). Total shipments of wood manufactured products were valued at $252 billion. If left unchecked, the USDA estimates the Asian longhorned beetle could cause as much as $138 billion in damage to the U.S. economy. 30% of USA Urban Forest are susceptible to ALB

Learn to ID ALB and Report It! 1 to 1 ½ inches in length Long antennae, banded with black and white Shiny, jet black body with distinctive white spots May have blue tarsi

Asian long-horned beetle infested tree

oviposition holes

new oviposition hole

oviposition holes

frass being pushed out of tunnels

ALB Signs Emergence holes Adult feeding On leaf midrib and petioles

feeding damage under bark

exit holes

exit hole

adult feeding damage on twig

sap flowing from holes

Photo credit: M. Bohne, USDA-FS-FHP

Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

5-7mm

Healed exit hole 1 inches 2 Egg site

Bovenzi Land Trust Host tree removal impacted 91 acres

What’s ALB Doing in Natural Forests?

Delaval

ALB Exit Holes Delaval

Attack class distribution

Oviposition Sites by Height DelavalBoylston

What Have We Learned? ALB is not outright killing forest trees –Little impact on tree growth –10-15 years before decline! ALB found in forest trees of all sizes ALB attacked and survived at higher rates in red maple ALB moves throughout forest stands

Old Damage is Different

Could go Undetected for a Long Time

Much Evidence is Hard to See

Attacks Throughout a Stand

Implications for Survey

Asian Longhorned Beetle V. Good Hosts Maple Box elder Horse chestnut Buckeye Willow Elm Good Hosts Birch Sycamore

Not Asian Longhorned Beetle

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