Nu Xu1/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR Experiment STAR at RHIC Nu Xu Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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Nu Xu1/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR Experiment STAR at RHIC Nu Xu Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Nu Xu2/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Outline 1)Introduction 2) STAR Physics Program - Physics working group - Upgrade programs - Run plan for 2009 – 2013* * As prepared in May ) Summary and Questions

Nu Xu3/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, Identify and study the property of matter (EOS) with partonic degrees of freedom. - Explore the QCD phase diagram. - Study the origin of spin in p. - Investigate the physics at small-x, gluon-rich region. Physics Goals at RHIC RHIC Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, p+p at 200 – 5 GeV Polarized p+p at 200 & 500 GeV p+p, d+Au pp2pp

Nu Xu4/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR Physics Focus 1) At 200 GeV top energy - Study medium properties, EoS - pQCD in hot and dense medium 2) RHIC beam energy scan - Search for critical point - Chiral symmetry restoration Polarized spin program - Study proton intrinsic properties Forward program - Study low-x properties, search for CGC - Study elastic (inelastic) processes (pp2pp) - Investigate gluonic exchanges

Nu Xu5/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR Physics Working Groups 1)Spin:g contribution to spin structure 2)UPC: UPC, pp2pp 3)Heavy Flavor:c-, b-quark hadrons 4)Light Flavor Spectra: u-, d-, s-quark hadrons, di-leptons, photons 5)Bulk Correlations:v 1, v 2, correlations/fluctuations 6)Jet Correlations: high-p T triggered correlations

Nu Xu6/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR Detector MRPC ToF barrel 100% ready for run 10 RPSD PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC barrel EMC End Cap DAQ % ready for run 9 Complete Ongoing R&D TPC FTPC Full azimuthal particle identification! γ, e, π, ρ, K, K*, p, φ, Λ, Δ, Ξ, Ω, D, Λ C, J/ψ, Υ …

Nu Xu7/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 STAR DetectorMRPC ToF barrel 100% ready for run 10 RPSD PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 FGT Completed Ongoing MTD R&D HFT TPC FHC

Nu Xu8/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 HFT TPC FGT STAR Detectors: Full 2π particle identification! EMC+EEMC+FMS (-1 ≤  ≤ 4) TOF DAQ1000

Nu Xu9/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Particle Identification at STAR STAR TPC STAR ToF STAR EMC STAR HFT Neutral particles Strange Jets Heavy Quark hyperons Hadrons Multiple-fold correlations among the identified particles! e, μ π K p d TPC ToF TPC Log 10 (p)

Nu Xu10/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Particle Identification (ii) Reconstruct particles in full azimuthal acceptance of STAR! Charm Bottom

Nu Xu11/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, GeV Collider Acceptance √s NN 6 GeV 17 GeV √s NN = 9.2 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC Fix-target Mode NA49 Collider Mode STAR

Nu Xu12/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 sQGP and the QCD Phase Diagram In 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC, strongly interacting matter formed: - Jet energy loss: R AA - Strong collectivity: v 0, v 1, v 2 - Hadronization via coalescence: n q -scaling Questions: Is thermalization reached at RHIC? - Systematic analysis with dN/dp T and dv 2 /dp T results… - Heavy quark measurements When (at which energy) does this transition happen? What does the QCD phase diagram look like? - RHIC Beam Energy Scan

Nu Xu13/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Quark Masses 1)Higgs mass: electro-weak symmetry breaking. (current quark mass) 2)QCD mass: Chiral symmetry breaking. (constituent quark mass) éNew mass scale compared to the excitation of the system. éImportant tool for studying properties of the hot/dense medium at RHIC. éTest pQCD predictions at RHIC. Total quark mass (MeV)

Nu Xu14/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Charm Hadron v 2 and R AA GeV Au+Au m.b. collisions (500M events). - Charm hadron collectivity  drag/diffusion constants  Medium properties! GeV Au+Au m.b. collisions (|y|< M events) - Charm hadron R AA  - Energy loss mechanism! - QCD in dense medium!

Nu Xu15/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 The QCD Phase Diagram - LGT prediction on the transition temperature, T C ~ 170 MeV. - LGT calculation, universality, and models point to the existence of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram* at finite baryon chemical potential. - Experimental evidence for either the critical point or 1 st order transition is important for our knowledge of the QCD phase diagram*. * Thermalization is assumed Stephanov, Rajagopal, and Shuryak, PRL 81, 4816(98) Rajagopal, PR D61, (00) Science.Low-Res.pdfhttp:// Science.Low-Res.pdf STAR’s plan: run10: RHIC Beam Energy Scan run11: Heavy Quark measurements

Nu Xu16/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Au + Au Collisions at 9.2 GeV 1)~ 3500 collisions collected 2)Determine Luminosity 3)STAR has preliminary results on: Particle identification in TPC; charged multiplicity,  -  interferometry, particle spectra and ratios; v 1 and v 2 PID will be further significantly extended using full TOF. (Lokesh SQM08)

Nu Xu17/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Run 9: 25 Cryo-week (scenario I) STAR priorities for Runs 9 and 10: (1)200 GeV longitudinally polarized p+p -  g(x ) (2) Beam energy scan down to  s NN ~ 5-6 GeV - Search for the QCD critical point ** C-AD transverse stochastic cooling test important! **

Nu Xu18/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Runs (30 cryo-week/yr) Run 11: (i) 1 st measurement of flavor dependence of sea q/anti-q polarization in the proton at  s = 500 GeV p+p collisions (ii) HFT engineering prototyping in  s NN = 200 GeV U+U collisions Run 12: Anticipating RHIC-II high luminosity (i) 1 st HFT physics measurements of charm hadron v 2 (p T ) and R CP (p T ) in  s NN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions (ii) Focused energy-scan in the search for the QCD critical point. Prior accelerator development is crucial at  s NN = 5-6 GeV (iii) gamma-jet and quarkonia states measurements Run 13: (i) HFT physics reference measurement of charm hadron spectra in  s = 200 GeV pp collisions; complete remaining  s = 200 GeV spin milestones. (ii) Measurement of the x dependence of W production at  s = 500 GeV FGT HFT

Nu Xu19/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Run 09: p+p collisions Starts on Feb. 2, GeV p+p collisions - total of 10 cryo-weeks => ends on April 5 th 5 weeks at 500 GeV - IF sufficient fy09 funds arrives total of 22 cryo-weeks => 4 weeks at 500 GeV plus weeks at 200 GeV longitudinally polarized p+p collisions to measure  g(x) at a FoM: 6.5 pb -1 Run 06 Run 09 de Florian et al, arXiv:

Nu Xu20/20STAR Regional Meeting, VECC, India, November, 2008 Summary STAR collaboration and its physics program are strong: - more groups join in - best positioned for Exploring the QCD phase diagram - best equipped for  g measurements at the highest energy polarized proton collider - Excellent for precision measurements and great potential for new discoveries Complementary to ALICE at LHC at higher energy Complementary to CBM at FAIR at lower energy Problems: (1) Stable funding for upgrades and beam time (2) Need more collaborators to work on detector