11/30/15 Starter: 11/30/ Application: Ws: Chemical Reactions Connection: If you were to drop an Alka Seltzer tablet into a cup of water, how would you know if a chemical reaction had occurred? Exit : Describe what you have learned about types of chemical reactions. Please write 4-5 well written sentences!! EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes? Practice: Glue notes here Chemical Bonds and Reactions

Starter A change in which no new substances are formed

Agenda 1. Starter 2. Notes 3. Ws 4. Connection 5. Exit

Table of Contents DateLecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 11/19 Minerals and their Properties /30 Types of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Bonds, Types of Chemical reactions and Rates of Reaction

I. Chemical Bonds A. Force of attraction that holds two atoms together.

B. The type of bond that forms from the joining of atoms depends on what atoms do with their valence electrons. C. All atoms want to have 8( a full energy level) in their outermost level. D. Ions are atoms that have more or less electrons than protons

E. Atoms will bond according to the number of valence electrons they have. 1. Atoms that have 1 to three valence electrons like to “give” these electrons away. 2. If they have 5 to 7 electrons, they want to “gain” electrons. This type of bond is called an ionic bond.

3. Atoms that share electrons are called covalent bonds.

II. Chemical Reaction A. Process in which the physical and chemical properties of the original substances change as new substances with different physical and chemical properties are formed.

B. One or more substances are combine to produce one or more substances. C. In this process, bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.

D. There are 4 types of general reactions that are used to identify chemical equations. 1. Synthesis-two substances combine to form one substance Ex. 2Na +Cl2 2NaCl To visualize a synthesis reaction look at the following cartoon:

2. decomposition-one substance breaks down into two or more smaller substances Ex. 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2

3. single replacement-one element takes the place of another in a compound Ex. 2Na +2H2O NaOH + H2

4. double replacement-two compounds replace each other in a reaction Ex. MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2+H2CO3

III. Characteristics of a Chemical Reaction A. Always form new substances B. Involves a change in energy 1.Endothermic- energy that is absorbed 2. Exothermic- energy that is released

C. Involves two kinds of substances 1. Reactant- substance that enters a reaction 2. Product- substance that is produced by a reaction + air > Rusty Nail Wet Nail

IV. Clues There are several clues to look for when determining if a reaction has taken place. a. Change in color (chemical change) b. Formation of gas bubbles or a solid (physical change) c. Change in energy, given off as light, thermal energy or electrical (chemical)

V. Energy A. Energy (just as matter) is always involved in a reaction. It can be either absorbed or released. B. The law of Conservation of energy( and matter) states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed C. Activation energy is smallest amount of energy needed for substances to react.

VI. Factors The rate of a reaction is affected by 4 factors. A. Concentration-a measure of the amount of one substance dissolved in another. B. Surface Area: the amount of exposed surface; the more exposed the faster the reaction

C. Catalyst and inhibitors 1. Catalyst-substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed 2. Inhibitor substance that slows down or stops a reaction D. Temperature 1. The higher the temperature the faster the reaction 2. The lower the temperature the slower the reaction

11/30/15 Starter: 11/30/ Application: Ws: Chemical Reactions Connection: If you were to drop an Alka Seltzer tablet into a cup of water, how would you know if a chemical reaction had occurred? Exit : Describe what you have learned about types of chemical reactions. Please write 4-5 well written sentences!! EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes? Practice: Glue notes here Chemical Bonds and Reactions