OBJECTIVES:  COMPARE and CONTRAST federal and state court systems  LIST and EXPLAIN the differences between criminal and civil cases  DESCRIBE the basic structure of the Supreme Court  SUMMARIZE Supreme Court decisions  WRITE a legal brief from a Supreme Court case

April 28  Review  Moot Court  Notes/discussion over religion and freedom of speech  Article  Chapter 20 Vocabulary

 In deciding cases involving laws against sedition, the Supreme Court has developed the ___________ rule.  Laws against seditious speech have been upheld by the Courts if they urge people to _____________________.  The __________ sets up the separation between church and state.

US GOVERNMENT The Judicial Branch Notes First Amendment Freedoms

The Media  Argue that they must have the right to refuse to testify in court. This is intended to protect sources and assure confidentiality.  State and Federal courts have rejected the media argument.  Thirty states have passed Shield Laws.

 Branzburg v. Hayes, 1972– Reporters must respond to relevant questions in a grand jury investigation or criminal trial.  Any special exemptions must come from Congress and the State Legislatures.

Freedom of Assembly  The 1 st and 14 th Amendments protect the right of people to peacefully assemble.  It does not give people the right to incite violence, block a public street, close a school, endanger life, property, or public order.

 Government can make and enforce reasonable rules covering time, place, and manner of assemblies.  Government’s rules must be content neutral, they cannot regulate assemblies on the basis of what might be said there.  The Courts have upheld laws that require advance notice and permits for demonstration in public places.

Gregory v. Chicago, 1969  What was the decision of the Court?

 The rights of assembly and petition do not give people a right to trespass on private property, even if they wish to express political views.

Freedom of Association  Freedom of assembly and petition also include the right of association with others to promote political, economic, and other social changes.  Example: A State cannot force an organization to accept members when their action would contradict what the organization professes to believe.