Alkanes

Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

Alkanes All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

Organic Prefixes 1 =meth-6 = hex- 2 =eth-7 =hept- 3 =prop-8 =oct- 4 =but-9 =non- 5 =pent-10 =dec-

1-Carbon Alkane Methane CH 4

2-Carbon Alkane Ethane C 2 H 6 H 3 C-CH 3

3-Carbon Alkane Propane C 3 H 8 H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 3

4-Carbon Alkane Butane C 4 H 10 H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 2 -CH 3

5-Carbon Alkane Pentane C 5 H 12 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 3 -CH 3

6-Carbon Alkane Hexane C 6 H 14 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 4 -CH 3

7-Carbon Alkane Heptane C 7 H 16 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3

8-Carbon Alkane Octane C 8 H 18 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 6 -CH 3

9-Carbon Alkane Nonane C 9 H 20 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 7 -CH 3

10-Carbon Alkane Decane C 10 H 22 H 3 C-(CH 2 ) 8 -CH 3

Organic HW Draw & name each of the following: C 3 H 8 C 5 H 12 C 6 H 14 C 8 H 18

Drill Name & give the molecular formula for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

Alkane Chemical Formula C n H 2n+2

Name each of the following: C 5 H 12 C 3 H 8 C 8 H 18

Saturated Hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

All Pure Non- cyclic Alkanes Are saturated hydrocarbons

Carbon Chains Any group of atoms connected in a row is called a chain Any continuous chain hydrocarbon is called a carbon chain

Draw & name a 4 carbon chain

Formula Writing Molecular Formula C 4 H 10

Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3

Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in () CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3

Formula Writing Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted C-C-C-C

Formula Writing Complete structural formula HHHH HCCCCH HHHH

Stick or minimal Structures

Stick Structures Line ends & joints represent carbons Hydrogens understood Others draw

Alkane Shapes In 2 dimensions we draw bond  s as 90 o The true bond  s are o Tetrahedral in shape

Organic HW Draw & name 3 different alkanes, making sure that no two drawing are done by the same method.

Draw the following Propaneoctane hexanepentane butanemethane heptaneethane

Name the following