Art of Ancient Greece

Major Periods 1.Geometric Period BCE 2.Orientalizing Period BCE 3.Archaic Period BCE Athens has a representative government; every community (deme) had its own assembly and magistrates

4. Classical Period framed by the defeat of the Persians (479 BCE) and the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) Early Classical BCE destruction of the Persian fleet in the Straits of Salamis, 479 BCE 5th Century Classical BCE Pericles rebuilds the Acropolis, he dies in 429 BCE Sparta dominated the Peloponnese and much of the rest of mainland Greece;

5th Century Classical BCE (continued…) Athens dominated the Aegean and became a wealthy and influential center of a maritime empire the series of conflicts between Sparta and Athens became known as the Peloponnesian Wars ( BCE) 4th Century Classical BCE Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE at the age of Hellenistic Period BCE Cleopatra died in 30 BCE

Terms and Stuff city-state -- a polis an autonomous region having a city as its political, cultural, religious, and economic center for example: Athens, Sparta, Corinth or Thebes—remember Antigone a stoa –colonnaded pavilion, open on three sides stadium sanctuaries Mount Olympos Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi (the oracle of Delphi)

Temples

a Mycenaen megaron—the source of the Greek Temple 1.a columned entrance porch 2.an anteroom with a central doorway 3.a living space with a central hearth and four columns supporting the roof around the opening

Siphnian Treasury, Delphi c BCE

Temple of Athena Nike Athens, c. 425 BCE

Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy c. 550 BCE

Doric order (an early version) columns with fluted shafts but without bases rest directly on the stylobate

Kallikrates and Iktinos Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens BCE

Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens BCE Athena Promachus (Athena the Defender)

The Ionic order has a frieze and a base as well as a different capital. The proportions of the Ionic order are more elongated.

Tholos Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi c. 400 BCE

Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens BCE

Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens BCE

The Jefferson Memorial Built from 1939 to 1943, this Neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope.

The White House

Nova: The Secrets of the Parthenon

The Male Nude in Ancient Greek Art How does it change?

Dying Warrior pediment sculpture Temple of Aphaia, Aegina c. 480 BCE marble, 6 feet Archaic Period

Anavysos Kouros c. 525 BCE Archaic Period

Kritian Boy 480 BCE

Warrior A c BCE

Polykleitos Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) c BCE a marble copy height: 6’6”

Praxiteles Hermes and the Infant Dionysos

Lysippos The Scraper Roman copy after an original bronze of c. 330 BCE

Lysippos The Scraper

Alexander the Great left: head from a Hellenistic copy, possibly after a 4 th century original by Lysippos right: 4-drachman coin issued by Lysimachos of Thrace

Dying Gallic Trumpeter Roman Copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE

Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Hellenistic Ruler c BCE bronze height: 7’9”

The Female Nude in Ancient Greek Art How does it change?

Aphrodite of Melos or Venus de Milo c. 150 BCE

Aphrodite of Melos or Venus de Milo c. 150 BCE

Nike (Victory) Adjusting Her Sandals fragment of a relief decoration Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace c. 190 BCE

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace c. 190 BCE

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace c. 190 BCE

Greek Gods and Goddesses List Zeus: Zeus was the ruler and leader of all the Greek Gods. He was the ruler of the sky and ruled and resided on mount Olympus. His Roman God equivalent is Jupiter and in the Hindu religion he is known as Indra. Zeus is the son of Cronus and Rhea, is the husband to Hera, and has fathered 15 children, all of whom were Olympians. The symbols of Zeus were the thunderbolt, eagle, bull and oak.ZeusRoman God Hera: Hera is the Goddess of child birth and marriage. She is often said to be the Goddess of women and is the wife of Zeus. Her symbols are the scepter, peacock and diadem. Aphrodite: Aphrodite is the daughter of Zeus and is considered to be the most popular deity in Greek culture. She is the Goddess of love, beauty and lust. She is the wife of Hephaestus, and a mother of two, Eros or famously known as the Cupid and Harmonia. Aphrodite is represented by the symbols of scepter, dove and myrtle.Greek culture Apollo: Apollo, was probably the most learned deity of the Greek culture. He was the God of music, medicine, health, fitness, light and truth. He was also the God of archery and bows. He is always associated with the sun and its light and also said to be the most handsome Greek deity. He is a son to Zeus and is the twin of Artemis. He is represented by the symbols of bows, lyre and laurel.Apollo

Greek Gods and Goddesses List Artemis: She is the twin of Apollo and unlike her brother is associated with the moon. She is also the Goddess of hunting, virginity, wild life and dew. She is represented by the bow, dogs and deer. Ares: Ares is considered to be the most violent of all Greek deities. He is the God of war, bloodshed and murder. He is the son of Zeus and lover of Aphrodite.Ares Athena: Athena is the daughter of Zeus and sister to Ares. She is seen by the Greeks as the wisest of all and is the Goddess of wisdom, warfare and reason. Demeter: Often considered to be the deity of the farer, Demeter is the Goddess of fertility, grain, agriculture and harvest. She is a sister of Zeus and the calmest of all deities. She is represented by the symbols of corn, scepter and torch. She is also, many a times considered to be the Goddess of creativity. Dionysus: Dionysus is the God of enjoyment and merriment. He is often represented as a drunk fellow and also governs intoxication of wine, parties, festivals and merry occasions. He is symbolized by grape vine and ivy. Hades: Hades is probably the darkest of all Greek Gods, as he is the ruler and God of the Underworld and wealth. He is represented by the Helm of Darkness and a three headed dog. He is also the husband to Persephone. Hephaestus: Hephaestus, often known as the lord of forge, is the God of blacksmiths and all metal workers. He is also the God of technology with so renowned skills that he made the arms and armor of Greek heroes like Achilles. His symbols are the axe, flame and hammer.Achilles

Greek Gods and Goddesses List Hermes: Hermes Hermes is the God of hives, mischief and travelers. He is a messenger of the Greek Gods and has a humorous knack of playing tricks on people. He is represented by a pair of winged boots. Hestia: Hestia is the sister of Zeus and is the Goddess of homes and hearth. She is the center point of all the homes of Greek civilization. Poseidon: Often known as Neptune, Poseidon is the ruler and God of the sea. He is the one who creates the horses from sea foam and is also the creator of earthquakes. His symbols are sea foam, trident and dolphins.