PRESENTATION on EDM, ECM& LBM Presented by-: kumar saurabh Roll no-: Branch-: ME 1 Submitted to-: Mr Deepak Sharma

Content 1.INTRODUCTION 2.WORKING PRINCIPLE 3.APPLICATION 4.NEED 5.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

LASER BEAM MACHINING

INTRODUCTION The word laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation It is a very strong monochromatic beam of light It has very small beam divergence It is thermoelectric process

Application Cutting Metals Plastic Ceramics Drilling Metals Plastic Surface treatment (metals) Welding(metals) Laser type PC02;CWCO2;Nd CWCO2 PCO2 PCO2;Nd:YAG Excimer CWCO2 PCO2;CWCO2;Nd:YAG;Nd:glass

Working Principle Weak light flash is amplified in the ruby This released energy from ruby accelerates the intensity of the beam of light, which leaves the rod & focused on workpiece Laser is most efficient when kept very cold & liquid nitrogen at -196c Lamp operates from 1 flash every 3min to 12 flashes per minute Laser energy is applied to the workpiece in less than sec

Schematic Diagram

ADVANTAGE OF LBM More precise Useful with a variety of materials: metals,composite,plastic and ceramics Smooth, clean cuts Faster process Decreased heat affected zone

Limitations of LBM Laser beam can be dangerous if it is not used carefully Production laser machines are costly Diffcult to control hole diameter tolerances at better than + Holes produces may taper from entry to exit

Application of LBM Manufacturing of meal sheets for truck bed hitch plates Splicing of aluminium sheets in the aircraft industry Cutting of multi-layered insultation for aircraft

what is EDM?  Electrical Discharge Machining  Used on hard metals  works with electrically conductive materials

 In1770s, discovered by Joseph Priestly.  Developed in the mid 1970s  In the mid 1980s, the EDM techniques were transferred to a machine tool  Today, it is a viable technique that helped shape the metal working industry

Where deep cutting is required In unattended cutting For high-expertise parts Where EDM finish is specified For hard materials For sharp inside corners For the most complex geometry

Uses very powerful sparks (~3x106 V/m) Series of rapidly recurring charges electro erosion Remove excess by fluid flow

DIAGRAM

Workpiece Sparks Electrodes Dielectric liquid Deionized water Dielectric oil Cutting speed Accuracy

TYPES OF EDM Wire Machining Ram Machining

ADVANTAGES handles delicate tasks may cut or drill very hard materials highly accurate very small kerf for wire EDM produces complex, deep, or 3-D shapes no burrs

DISADVANTAGE electrode wear slow cutting rates thin, brittle heat-affected zone

Application Can produce blind complex cavities Can produce micro holes for nozzle Can produce narrow slots Compatible shapes are of the following categories Planar Prismatic Thin wall

ELECTRO CHEMICAL MACHNING It is a method of removing metal by a electro chemical process It is use for mass production It is use for working extremely hard material or material that are difficult to machine using conventional machining It can small or odd –shaped angles Both internal and external geometries can be machined

Working principle of ECM  An electrode and workpiece(conductor) are placed in an electrolyte and a potential voltage is applied.  On the anode ( +ve )side the metal molecules ionize break free of the workpiece, and travel through the electrolyte to the electrode.  Variation in the current density will result in work taking the electrode shape.  The electrode is fed with constant velocity and the electrolyte is fed through the tool.  The tool is designed to eliminate deposition of the ionized metal on the electrode.

Advantages of ECM Good for low machinability, or complicated shapes Very little tool wear Forces are large with this method because of fluid pumping forces No thermal or mechanical stresses on the workpiece Faster stock removal & better surfaces finish

Disadvantages of ECM Expensive machine Rigid fixturing is required to withstand the high electrolyte Not applicable with electrically non conducting materials & jobs with very small dimensions High specific energy consumption

Application of ECM High temp. alloy forging Turbine wheels with integral blades Jet engine blade airfoils Jet engine blade cooling holes Small deep holes Odd shaped holes & cavities

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