TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein Chapter 11, Section 2

Biology 2/6/14 Mrs. Turgeon Do Now: 1. Pass forward your annotation on twins 2. In your notes: What is a template? How is a DNA strand considered a template? Agenda: Students will be able to describe DNA transcription by taking notes

Biology 2/7/14 Mrs. Turgeon “Character is the ability to carry out a good resolution long after the excitement of the moment has passed.” – Robert Cavett Do Now: 1.In your notes: What are the three primary differences between DNA and RNA Agenda: Students will be able to describe DNA transcription by taking notes

3/4/15 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON “ Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand.” -Neil Armstrong OBJECTIVES SWBAT: describe the process of translation DO NOW: name three parts of the human body that are made up of proteins

3/4/15 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON REMINDERS: 1. 1.Tutoring Tues & Thur after school(rm 309) 2. Field trip form must be turned in! If you don’t attend the trip, you will be required to write a research paper 3. 3.Binder check today (8 th period) 4. Chaperones for field trip????

Genes & Proteins What is the function of a gene? codes for traits, inherited from parents Genes code for specific proteins Proteins make up muscles, hair, tissues, enzymes, & pigments Protein Synthesis = reading the DNA, forming RNA, using RNA to make the protein (DNA  RNA  Protein)

RNA RNA is a nucleic acid (like DNA) Differs in structure from DNA: DNARNA Number of Strands21 Nucleotide SugarDeoxyriboseRibose Nitrogenous Base Pairs Thymine(T), Adenine(A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) Uracil (U), Adenine(A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Types of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) –Single strand –Transfers info from the gene (made of DNA inside the nucleus) to make a protein –mRNA carries genetic “message” from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytosol

2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) –Part of the structure of ribosomes –Ribosome = protein and rRNA

3. Transfer RNA Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins

Transcription Transcription = enzymes make RNA by copying a portion of DNA in the nucleus If a DNA sequence is AATCCGGA, what is the complimentary RNA sequence? (Remember RNA doesn’t have Thymine, it has Uracil instead) UUAGGCCU The mRNA that gets sequenced is sent out of the nucleus to help make protein

Genetic Code A certain sequence of Nitrogenous Bases codes for a specific Amino Acid needed to make a Protein Codon = the nitrogenous bases of 3 adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that code for –Start Signal (starts the protein making process) –Stop Signal (stops the protein making process) –Amino Acid An amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon 20 amino acids combine in different combinations to make various proteins

Translation Translation = using the mRNA to make protein, reading the codons Translation takes place at the ribosomes which attach to the mRNA tRNA is the carrier that comes in bringing the amino acid coded for by the mRNA codons tRNA has an anticodon that pairs up with the mRNA codon If an mRNA codon is UUG, what is the matching tRNA anticodon? AAC As the amino acids are brought in peptide bonds form between them to link them in a chain

Amino acid chains curl and scrunch up to make 3D protein structures

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