Inside a PC Exploring the CPU

CPU: Objectives Students will identify and explain the function of the CPU Students will research various CPUs so they can make a good selection

I. Safety First – General Guidelines: A.Wear a static discharge wristband while working on computer components. B.BEWARE – some electronic devices will store energy and discharge at unexpected times. This will hurt the computer more than it will hurt you.

I. Safety First – General Guidelines: C. Disconnect the power cord before removing the case. D. Disconnect the peripheral devices, including the keyboard and mouse.

II. CPUs: Found on the Motherboard. Runs software processes Location: under the heat sink Dictates the computing power

CPU installation Do first activity now

CPU core speed measured in Megahertz or Gigahertz Example is 3.2 GHz System bus speed the processor Current INTEL processors support 6.4 GT/s, 4.8GT/s, 1600, 1333,1066, or 800MHz FSB Current AMD processors support 37GB/s, 16GB/s, 8GB/s, 1800, 1000, or 800MHz FSB Attributes Used to Rate CPU

Attributes continued The motherboard socket and chipset that it can use. Not all processors are equal. Choose the board that fits the processor---buy the CPU first. Let’s say you chose a AMD Sempron processor that works with DDR2 memory Which board below will work with this processor? OR

Attributes continued Multiprocessing ability—what does this mean??????

Attributes continued Amount of cache Level 1 –on the die Level 2 –can be on the die or not Level 3-in the package Memory on the board supported—(DDR, DDR2, DDR3). Remember it must be compatible

Attributes continued Computing technologies the processor has Hyperthreading—INTEL Hypertransport---AMD Acts like there are multiple processors Power consumption

CPU—How does it work???? Arithmetic logic units (ALUs) Do all comparisons and calculations Input/output (I/O) unit Manages data and instructions entering and leaving the CPU Control unit Manages all activities inside the CPU itself

When you double click on an icon to run a program, here is what happens: 1. The program, which is stored inside the hard disk drive, is transferred to the RAM memory. A program is a series of instructions to the CPU. 2. The CPU, using a circuit called memory controller, loads the program data from the RAM memory. 3. The data, now inside the CPU, is processed. 4. What happens next will depend on the program. The CPU could continue to load and executing the program or could do something with the processed data, like displaying something on the screen. How does it work?

Data transfer between the hard disk drive and the RAM memory in made without using the CPU, thus making the system faster. This method is called bus mastering or DMA (Direct Memory Access). How does it work?

Processors from AMD based on sockets 754, 939 and 940 (Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX, Opteron and some Sempron models) have an embedded memory controller. This means that for these processors the CPU accesses the RAM memory directly, without using the north bridge chip shown in Figure 1.

How does it work? FETCHES instructions from memory DECODES the instruction EXECUTES the instructions Mutltiprocessors have more then one ALU and or multiple cores

Sockets And CPUs On the motherboard, there is a socket for the CPU. This determines what kind of CPU the motherboard can use. If you have a particular CPU in mind, then look for a motherboard that has a socket for that CPU.socket And the speed Do Activity 2 now