SC’s Secession from the Union Standard Indicator 8-4.3

Missouri Compromise  Missouri applies for statehood (1 st time a state had been admitted since the Louisiana Purchase)  Upset the balance of free & slave state votes in Senate  Compromise was reached-Missouri was admitted as a slave state—Maine as free state

What is a protective tariff? Designed to raise import taxes on goods coming from foreign countries in order to make them more expensive than goods produced in the United States  Benefited new industries in the North  In SC, it raised the price of manufactured goods SC brought from the north & Britain  southerners objected to raising the protective tariff

Nullification Crisis United States Congress passed a protective tax in 1828 Vice President John C. Calhoun  claimed under the compact theory that it was a state’s right to declare such a law unconstitutional and nullify it through a special state convention  threatened the unity of the United States and the exclusive right of the Supreme Court to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional  South Carolinians split into a States’ Rights Party (Nullifiers) and a Union party (Unionists)

Nullification Crisis  In 1832, the Nullifiers won control of the General Assembly  United States Congress passed another tariff in 1832 SC legislature met to nullify the tariff  John C. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency and entered the U. S. Senate where he was a strong voice against the tariff and for nullification

Nullification Crisis Andrew Jackson urged congress to pass a force bill  would authorize the national government to send troops to collect the tariff in SC  The crisis ended with a compromise  Congress lowered the tariff & SC repealed its nullification of it (SC then nullified the Force Bill)

Theory of Secession  An alternative to the nullification of laws  Allowed states to leave the United States if they believed that their rights were being infringed upon  Under this compact (between states) theory, the states were more powerful than the federal union that was the United States  The states’ rights theories of both nullification and secession would eventually be tested and disproven by civil war

Mexican War  The California Territory became part of the US through the treaty that ended the Mexican War  1849 Gold Rush  Californians wanted their state to be “free soil” they petitioned to enter as a free state  Resulted in the Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850  California is a free state  Outlawed slave trade in Washington DC  The rest of the Mexican Cession would decide if they were free/slave by a vote by the residents (popular sovereignty)  Fugitive Slave Law “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe (5:26)

Kansas-Nebraska Act  Kansas Territory was in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory  Missouri Compromise states it could not be a slave state  Politicians wanted a railroad to go through Kansas, but needed southern support

Kansas-Nebraska Act Cont….  Repealed the 36◦ 30’ line of the Missouri Compromise  Popular Sovereignty for new states  “Bleeding Kansas”  John Brown and bleeding Kansas Documentary (8:59) John Brown and bleeding Kansas Documentary (8:59)

Bleeding Kansas Northern Whigs and northern Democrats who were appalled at the violence joined with the Free Soil Party  those opposed to the expansion of slavery and the Liberty Party (abolitionists) to form a new political party: the Republicans

Dred Scott Decision  Supreme Court attempt to end the controversy over the role of free states in determining the status of the enslaved  “Once free, always free”  Constitution protects the owner of property from having the government take that property away

Dred Scott Decision Cont…….  Also ruled that the Congress could not pass measures limiting the expansion of slavery in the territories (5:47)

Election of 1860  Republican Abraham Lincoln campaigned on a platform of “free soil”  Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860  After his election, SC called a special convention and signed the Articles of Secession Claimed the rights of South Carolinians had not been & would not be protected by the federal government….6 other states seceded soon after Video (2:29)