+ Spatial Diffusion AP HUG

+ Diffusion Definition: the movement of a phenomenon (i.e. culture, language, religion, disease) from one location to another

+ Types of Diffusion Relocation Expansion Contagious Hierarchal Stimulus

+ Relocation Diffusion Occurs when the spreading disease moves into new areas, leaving behind its origin or source of the disease, for example a person infected with HIV moving into a new location. (people move/migrate and take ideas with them)

+ Expansion Diffusion The pattern originates in a central place and then expands outward in all directions to other locations. Note that the distance does not have to be equal in all directions. Expansion diffusion can be further broken down into three types of diffusion: hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion

+ Contagious Diffusion The spread of an infectious disease through the direct contact of individuals with those infected. Often rapid and spreads through entire population Example: Disease, viral

+ Hierarchal Diffusion Occurs when a phenomenon spreads through an ordered sequence of classes or places, for example from cities to large urban areas to small urban areas.

+ Stimulus Diffusion Takes a part of an idea and spreads that idea to create an innovative product. Example: vegetarian eating habits (principle) influence restaurants to offer more vegetarian dishes (new products)

+ Frictional Effect of Distance (Distance Decay) Suggests that areas that are closer to the source of something (like a disease) are more likely to be affected by it, whereas areas further away from the source are less likely to be affected and/or will be affected at a later date.

+ Barriers to Diffusion Some physical features act as a barrier towards diffusion, including: Mountains Bodies of water Political and Economic boundaries may also limit the spread of disease. Travel restrictions and screening of travelers can form ‘human’ barriers.

+ Time-Space Convergence Time-space Convergence is the process that seems to bring places and people closer together, in terms of communicational distance, through the improvement of communication and transportation technology.

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+ Time-Space Convergence Although absolute distance remains the same between two places, the relative distance decreases as the places become increasingly interconnected through technological and transportation routes. Example: The distance between Chicago and Taiwan remains the same as it was 80 years ago, but people in Chicago and Taiwan are relatively closer because they can communicate quickly via and airline travel.

+ Positive Impacts of Time-Space Convergence increased trade employment opportunities for those in less developed countries. Increased media coverage of wars and conflicts Improved travel to holy places Improved oil transport and trade Ideas spread quickly and easily

+ Negative Impacts of Time-Space Convergence movement of industry out of the US and into areas that can pay people less invasion of culture (i.e. MTV) increase in sweatshops at worker’s expense

+ Small group discussion Discuss this statement “Space time convergence is socially differentiated” What words are familiar or unfamiliar in this statement What questions do you have about it? How does this relate to your partner discussion on how tech and transportation improvements impact different communities differently? Helpful vocab: Differentiate: to see or state the difference or differences between two or more things

+ Globalization Article Close Read Create a definition of globalization (one academic and one in your own words) that we can use for our notes – think, pair, share “Globalization easily explained” (4 minutes)