Networking and Health Information Exchange Unit 1b ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Component 9/Unit 1b1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall.

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Networking and Health Information Exchange Unit 1b ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Component 9/Unit 1b1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Network Layer Internet Protocol (IP) is used to assign IP addresses to network devices. – Connectionless – Best effort delivery – Relies on TCP for reliable, error free delivery Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

IP Addresses Two Current Versions – IPv4 32 bits Dotted-quad Example: – IPv6 128 bits Example: 3eef:1800:4625:7:100:c8fd:ae21:57bf Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

IPv4 Addresses ClassFirst OctetDefault Subnet Mask A B C D NA E NA Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Special IP Addresses 127.x.x.x – reserved for loopback Private Addresses Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall ClassPrivate Address Range A – B – C –

Forms of Transmission Unicast Broadcast Multicast Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Parts of an IP Address 1637 Lawson Street Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall Bldg #Street HostNetwork

Subnetting >1 network >65,000 hosts networks >4,000 hosts Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Subnetting Continued New networks –Building A – Building B – Building C – Building D Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall New Subnet Mask

Routers Moves packets from one network to another Uses IP addresses Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall Component 9/Unit 1b

Routing Protocols Two types: –Static routing –Dynamic routing Hop –Term used to describe the movement of data from one router to another Time to Live (TTL) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall Component 9/Unit 1b

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Used to send some messages back to sender in case there is an error in delivery Common messages – Unreachable destination or service – Time exceeded – Route Redirection – Source Quench Used with PING and TRACERT Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

PING Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

TRACERT Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Data Link Layer Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall Software Hardware LLC MAC

MAC addresses Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall F2A 36 9B Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI) Vender Assigned CiscoParticular Device

Media Access Control Controlled – Also called deterministic – Every device has to wait their turn – Only 1 device can transmit data at a time – No collisions – Examples Token Ring Fiber Data Distributed Interface (FDDI) Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Media Access Control Continued Contention-based – Also called non-deterministic – Devices can transmit at any time – Collisions can occur – Examples Ethernet Wireless Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Ethernet Uses CSMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) “Listens” to media to see if there are any signals If media is busy, it will wait and try again If media isn’t busy, the device will transmit its data – Collision Detection (CD) If another device transmitted at the same time there would be a collision Data from both devices are corrupt and will need to be resent Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Wireless Uses CSMA/CA – Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) “Listens” to media to see if there are any signals If media is busy, it will wait and try again – Collision Avoidance (CA) If the media is free the device will send out a signal letting other devices know that it is getting ready to use the media The device then transmits data Used by standards Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Other Data Link Protocols Frame Relay Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall

Physical Layer Hardware Specifications Encoding – Non Return to Zero (NRZ) – Manchester Transmits and Receives Data Network Topology Component 9/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall