ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

GREECE

PLATO’S ACADEMY Plato organized a college that would meet for lectures and discussions, called the Academy. The center for philosophical training and research. Forerunner of today’s think tanks.

PLATO’S ACADEMY C.387 B.C.-A.D. 529 Closed because it was not a Christian school

PROLONGED CONFLICT ATHENS VS. SPARTA QKWS9PIXEKE Peloponnesian War B.C.

SPARTA 431 B.C.-404 B.C. Sparta had the best army in Greece. Athenians had naval supremacy and power other Greek city-states.

ROMAN EMPIRE

ROMAN EMPIRE 27 B.C.- A.D.1453 Gained Power through its superior command of: Communication Transportation Military might under (Augustus’s rule)

ROMAN EMPIRE Decline began due to: Military defeats Pestilence Poor Government

ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME 1. What elements of ancient Greek culture have influenced modern Western civilization? 2. What are some characteristics of Greek literature, including drama and lyric poetry? 3. How did Roman culture exert its influence over much of Europe? 4. What are the main characteristics of Roman literature, religion, and philosophy?

HEROIC AGE KING MINOS OF CRETE, SUPPOSEDLY SACRIFICED TWELVE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN EACH YEAR TO FEED A HALF-MAN, HALF BULL MONSTER CALLED MINOTAUR. MINOANS WERE PEACEFUL MYCENEANS WERE BOTH AGGRESSIVE AND ENTERPRISING

EPIC AGE Greeks developed a script for their language, based on a system borrowed from the Phoenicians. Alphabet, named for its two initial letters, alpha and beta. Greek Poetry-Iliad and the Odyssey

GREEK ALPHABET Fraternities and Sororities

CITY-STATES Community Polis (politics) Ruled by a King Superiority Olympic Games brought the main Greek city-states in contact. Played every four years at Olympia in honor of the god Zeus

CITY-STATES Sparta-Spartans Athens-Athenians Corinth-Corinthians Argos-Argive Megara- Megarians

GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHS Eponym- is a person — either mythical or real — from whose name the name of a nation, idea, or term has been derived. Achilles’ heel Midas touch Pandora’s box

LYRIC AGE Lyric Poetry flourished seventh – fifth centuries B.C. It didn’t tell of the heroic deeds of warriors and gods.(Epic) It was brief, intensely personal, emotional, and down-to- earth.

DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT Rule by the people Established by the Athenians

PERICLES Great General & Statesman( Politician) Guided the fortunes of Athens for more than three decades Organized the campaign to build the Parthenon

AUTHORS Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides

GREEK DRAMA Profound questions about: human suffering, individual free will, moral responsibility, and the limits of knowledge. * Sophocles Oedipus Rex (Tragedy) Tragedy derived from the Greek words tragos (goat) and ode (song) Tragedy: a main character, often of noble birth, who strives to achieve something and is ultimately defeated. Oedipus Complex

GREEK PHILOSOPHERS Socrates- lover of wisdom Plato-freedom of conscience, the nature of reality, the existence of the soul, ideal government, and the way to lead a virtuous and happy life Aristotle-logic, ethics, political theory, rhetoric, and biology

ROMAN LITERATURE Soldiers Administrators Engineers Values: Order, thrift, ambition, and loyalty Pietas (duty to family) Piety Gravitas (seriousness of conduct and purpose) Gravity Fides (patriotism and loyalty) Fidelity

ROMANS Julius Caesar Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero

COLOSSEUM

REVIEW What are the earliest surviving works of Greek poetry? Name one way in which people of the greek city-states fostered a common identity? Why did Greek culture thrive even after the decline of Athens? What form of government did Rome have before becoming an empire? What was the primary philosophical belief of the Epicureans? of the Stoics?