World History H Cabrera Unit 1

Vocabulary Geography Prehistory Anthropology Culture Archaeology Artifact Historian Nomad Animism Domesticate Civilization Polytheistic Pictogram City-state Cultural diffusion Silt Delta Dynasty Pharaoh Mummification Hieroglyphics Demotic papyrus Ziggurat Cuneiform Criminal law Civil law Barter economy Money economy Monotheistic Covenant Prophet Diaspora

What you MUST know…(for now) 7 continents, 5 oceans Egypt & The Nile India & The Indus Valley China & The Yellow River The Middle East & Mesopotamia

Timelines and Types of Calendars How does a timeline work? BC- BCE- AD- CE- meline.htm

Historians Historians study the events and cultures in the past. They examine artifacts and clothing, art world, tombstones, etc.

What is pre-history? The beginning of recorded history. Approximately 5000 years ago some cultures began to keep records - Names and dates

Why is history challenging for historians? They may encounter personal feelings or ideas that might persuade their research in another direction. -personal experiences -cultural backgrounds -political opinions Also, there are different types of historians!

Primary vs. Secondary Sources Primary SourceSecondary Source

Sourcing, Analyzing & Synthesizing

Civilization Begins Prehistory – 3000 B.C. 32 questions

Understanding Our Past * Archaeologists learn about the human past by studying artifacts, or objects made by people, such as tools, weapons, pottery, clothing, and jewelry. (Pre-History, before writing) * Historians reconstruct the past by studying written evidence such as letters or tax records and visual evidence such as photographs or films. Must evaluate information for reliability

Geography, the study of people and their environments * Geographers study five major themes –Location, where a place is on the surface of the Earth –Place, physical and human characteristics of a location –Interaction, how people have shaped and been shaped by the places where they lived –Movement, movement of people, goods, and ideas –Region, places with similar unifying physical, economic, or cultural features

The Dawn of History *Old Stone Age or Paleolithic age, until about 10,000 BC –The people were know as hunter gatherers or nomads –People made tools, digging sticks, spears and axes from natural materials –Learned to build fires and wear clothing –Developed spoken languages –Religions began Sungir, Russia, buried some 25,000 years ago

*New Stone Age or Neolithic Age….11,000 years ago *Humans learned to farm, a development that transformed the way people lived –Planting seeds and domesticating animals * By about 5,000 years ago, the advances made by early farming communities led to the rise of civilizations. –Social hierarchy –Accumulation of personal property –New technologies

Beginnings of Civilizations *Cities, first rose in river valleys –Water –Farming –Renewable soil –Animals –Transportation

*Eight basic features common to most early civilizations: Cities –In fertile areas producing a food surplus Well-organized central governments –Needed to maintain order and the surplus –Divine Right –Bureaucracy developed Complex religions –Polytheistic, believing in many gods –Controlling the natural forces and human activities –People created ceremonies, temples and priests to intervene with the gods on behalf of the people Job specialization –Artisans, priests, farmers, weapons maker and soldiers Marduk God of Thunder

Features Social classes –The importance of the persons job ranked them socially Arts and architecture –Temples to the gods –Places for the rulers Public works to benefit the city –Defensive walls, irrigation systems, roads and bridges Writing –Pictograms –Leaders needed to keep records