Compare and contrast President Harding and Coolidge using two secondary sources. - Describe the relationship between business and government during the 1920s Compare and contrast President Harding and Coolidge using two secondary sources. - Describe the relationship between business and government during the 1920s

Warren G. HardingCalvin Coolidge Comparing Presidents of the 1920s

President Harding ► Federal Government advanced business interests: business interests:  Budget and Accounting Act (1921)  Secretary of Commerce Hoover goal to expand business prosperity.  Treasury Secretary Mellon pushed to reduce taxes on businesses/wealthy  Raised tariffs in 1922  Attorney-General Daugherty supported the “open shop”.  Appointed advocates of business to Federal Trade Commission and Federal Reserve Board  Nominated William Taft as Chief Justice of Supreme Court

President Harding Head of Veterans Bureau was accused of fraud Teapot Dome Scandal Interior Secretary Albert Fall leased Wyoming’s Teapot Dome region to an oil company for a bribe. Scandal and Corruption!

► President Coolidge (“Cool Cal”, “Silent Cal”) support- Cal”, “Silent Cal”) support- ed a “laissez-faire” type ed a “laissez-faire” type economy and supported economy and supported Harding’s policies. Harding’s policies. Calvin Coolidge ( ), fishing on the Brule River in northern Wisconsin Coolidge Prosperity Coolidge easily won re- election in 1924 due to the election in 1924 due to the prosperous economy prosperous economy President Coolidge

“The chief business of the American people is business.” Calvin Coolidge ( )  Protectionism – higher tariffs on imports to guard US businesses & jobs against foreign competition. i.Trickle-down theory – lowering taxes on high incomes/businesses to stimulate investment & create jobs. President Coolidge

“The chief business of the American people is business.” Calvin Coolidge ( )  Social reform efforts are LIMITED with only a few exceptions:  Endorsed many of the goals put forth the League of Women Voters such as allowing women to serve on juries, equal pay laws and Wisconsin’s “Equal Rights” law.  Congress passed the Sheppard- Towner Maternity and Infancy Act  … very little else… President Coolidge

Cultural Changes of the 1920s Cities expanded 1920 census showed for the first time more 1920 census showed for the first time more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas. Americans lived in cities than in rural areas. The Great Black Migration The Great Black Migration Many moved from the South looking for Many moved from the South looking for better opportunities in Northern cities. better opportunities in Northern cities. Black race-consciousness and power grew: Black race-consciousness and power grew: Universal Negro Improvement Universal Negro Improvement Association. Association. Rejected integration. Rejected integration. Organized the Black Star Line Organized the Black Star Line Back to Africa Movement Back to Africa Movement "Up! You mighty race, you can accomplish what you will." --Marcus Garvey

The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in New York’s Harlem that attracted talented black writers, poets, and musicians in the 1920s.Harlem Renaissance Poet Langston Hughes. Writer Claude McKay. Activists Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. DuBois. Musician Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, in He travelled throughout the world but, his heart and home were in Harlem where he lived for many years. Langston Hughes Cultural Changes of the 1920s

Cities expanded The Great Black Migration The Great Black Migration Hispanic migrants began to settle in their own Hispanic migrants began to settle in their own communities called “barrios”. communities called “barrios”. “Mutualistias” “Mutualistias” “The Order of the Sons of America” “The Order of the Sons of America” “The League of United Latin American Citizens” “The League of United Latin American Citizens”