Chapter 1 Exploration and the Colonial Era

Early British Colonies 1607  Jamestown, Virginia  First permanent English settlement in America  John Smith  Period of struggle until settlers grew tobacco and exported to Europe

See History Channel video“Jamestown”

Indentured Servants Hired to work plantations Worked for a few years and then trip to America was paid Highest concentration was in the Chesapeake region of colonies

Future American Colonization Puritans: Protestant group; wanted to purify Church of England of any Catholicism Often punished in England 1620-Mayflower-Puritans sailed to America; settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts Came for religious freedom  See Video “Mayflower Deconstructed”

Continued 1630-Massachusetts Bay Colony founded John Winthrop-first governor Strict religious atmosphere Dissenters harshly punished  Ex: Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

“Crash Course”-Quakers, the Dutch and the Ladies

Dutch Settlement Established first colony in New Netherlands (New York) in 1621 New Amsterdam (New York City) Gained wealth by trading with Native Americans for fur Religious tolerance; welcomed all ethnic groups 1644-English seized the colony

William Penn Quaker that started Pennsylvania Wanted safe place for Quakers Many other groups settled there also Most advertised colony

By 1732, there were 13 British colonies

Mercantilism Theory and system of political economy prevailing in Europe after decline of feudalism  Accumulation of gold  Establish colonies  Develop industry and mining to attain favorable balance of trade

Conditions in Colonies Some self-government Governors appointed by British monarchy Voting rights based on male land ownership

Development of Colonies Southern  Based on farming-indigo, tobacco, and rice farms  Some plantations  Large land owners dominated the economy and society  Planters used slaves as workers

Continued Middle and New England  Economy based on small farms  Manufacturing and trade  Merchants grew wealthy and had power in society  Slavery existed in North, but not widespread

Colonists Begin To Question The Enlightenment-1700’s  Valued science and reason  Writers stressed importance of natural rights of individuals  Science weakened authority of church  Began in Europe; spread to the colonies  Benjamin Franklin, John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Rousseau, Newton

Continued Great Awakening  Strong revival of deep religious feeling in 1730’s and 1740’s  Emphasized personal aspects of religion and relationship with God  Weakened authority of church  Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield

Conflict Between England and France French settled in Great Lakes region, eastern Canada, and upper Mississippi River region

French and Indian War Also known as Seven Years War French defeated and surrendered most of its North American claims Proclamation of 1763-British banned colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mountains to prevent attacks from Native Americans Disregarded by most colonists