The Nature of Matter What Is Matter Sec. 2.1

Matter Matter is what the world is made of. Matter is what the world is made of. All objects consists of matter. All objects consists of matter.

General Properties of Matter Mass Mass Weight Weight Volume Volume Density Density Matter has mass and volume.

Mass A measure of the quantity of matter in an object A measure of the quantity of matter in an object Does not depend on location Does not depend on location Units are kilograms (kg) or grams (g) Units are kilograms (kg) or grams (g)

Weight Weight is the response of mass to the pull of gravity Weight is the response of mass to the pull of gravity – Depends on location – Less on the moon Greater on Jupiter Greater on Jupiter Unit = Newton (N) Unit = Newton (N)

What is your weight on earth? mass X 9.8 m/s 2 = Weight (on earth) mass X 9.8 m/s 2 = Weight (on earth) (Remember 1 kg = 2.2 lbs) (Remember 1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

Classifying Matter

Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Everything Everything is made of is made of elements elements

Atom Smallest particle of an element Smallest particle of an element Has all the properties of that element. Has all the properties of that element.

Compound a substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together a substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together

Molecule Smallest unit of a compound that exhibits all the properties and characteristic of that compound Smallest unit of a compound that exhibits all the properties and characteristic of that compound

Chemical Formula the chemical symbols and numbers indicating the atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance. the chemical symbols and numbers indicating the atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance.

Pure Substance any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties

Mixture a combination of more than one pure substance. a combination of more than one pure substance.

Miscible are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions

Immiscible describes two or more liquids that do not mix into each other describes two or more liquids that do not mix into each other

Volume The amount of space an object takes up The amount of space an object takes up Measured in liters (L), milliliters (ml), and cubic centimeters (cm 3 ) Measured in liters (L), milliliters (ml), and cubic centimeters (cm 3 )

Density Density is the mass per unit volume

density = mass / volume

Problem If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is its density?

Solution Step 1 Write the formula d=m/v Step 1 Write the formula d=m/v Step 2 Substitute given numbers and units d=96.5 grams/ 5 cubic centimeters Step 2 Substitute given numbers and units d=96.5 grams/ 5 cubic centimeters Step 3 Solve for unknown variable d= 19.3 grams / cubic centimeters Step 3 Solve for unknown variable d= 19.3 grams / cubic centimeters

Practice Problems 1. If 96.5 grams of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm^3, what is the density of aluminum? 1. If 96.5 grams of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm^3, what is the density of aluminum? 2. If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g / cm^3, what would the mass be if the volume is 0.5 cm^3? 2. If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g / cm^3, what would the mass be if the volume is 0.5 cm^3?

Density Lab Does it Float?

The density of water is 1 gram per milliliter, 1g/mL. The density of water is 1 gram per milliliter, 1g/mL. If the object’s density is greater than 1g/mL, then the object will sink. If the object’s density is greater than 1g/mL, then the object will sink. If the object’s density is less than 1g/mL then it will float. If the object’s density is less than 1g/mL then it will float.

Does it Float? In this activity you will measure the mass and volume of several objects to obtain the objects’ densities. In this activity you will measure the mass and volume of several objects to obtain the objects’ densities. Remember density = mass / volume Remember density = mass / volume Volume of cube= length X width X height Volume of cube= length X width X height Volume of cylinder=pi r^2 h Volume of cylinder=pi r^2 h pi=3.14 pi=3.14

Remember 1 cubic centimeter = 1 mL

Volume of Cylinder Volum e = pi r 2 h Volum e = pi r 2 h

Volume of a Square or Cube Volum e= L x W x H Volum e= L x W x H

Lab Report Format Descript ion Mas s (g) Volu me (mL) Densi ty (g/mL ) Does it float ?

Phases of Matter

Matter can exist in 4 Phases Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma

Solids Crystalline Solids- particles are arranged in regular repeating patterns called crystals (i.e. salt, quartz) Crystalline Solids- particles are arranged in regular repeating patterns called crystals (i.e. salt, quartz) Amorphous solids- solids that lose their shape under certain conditions (i.e. tar, candle wax, glass) Amorphous solids- solids that lose their shape under certain conditions (i.e. tar, candle wax, glass)

Liquids Particles in a liquid are close together but are free to move. Particles in a liquid are close together but are free to move. Have no definite shape but takes the shape of the container. Have no definite shape but takes the shape of the container. Have a definite volume. Have a definite volume. Resistance of a liquid to flow is called viscosity. Resistance of a liquid to flow is called viscosity.

Gases Do not have a definite shape or definite volume. Do not have a definite shape or definite volume. Boyle’s Law – if volume is reduced pressure will increase. P1V1=P2V2 or P1/P2=V1/V2 Boyle’s Law – if volume is reduced pressure will increase. P1V1=P2V2 or P1/P2=V1/V2 Charles’s Law – if temperature of a gas changes but pressure is the same, then volume of the gas changes. T1V2=T2V1 or T1/T2=V1/V2 Charles’s Law – if temperature of a gas changes but pressure is the same, then volume of the gas changes. T1V2=T2V1 or T1/T2=V1/V2

Plasma Rare on earth. Rare on earth. The most common phase in the universe. The most common phase in the universe. Stars have matter in plasma phase (i.e. sun’s solar flare) Stars have matter in plasma phase (i.e. sun’s solar flare) Matter in plasma phase is high in energy and dangerous to living things. Matter in plasma phase is high in energy and dangerous to living things.