Properties of Matter Physical and Chemical
Matter Has mass and takes up space Substance Definite composition Mixture Retains properties of individual substances Element One kind of atom Compound Two or more kinds of atoms Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixtures: can be separated by physical methods: Filtration: separation based on size Distillation: separation based on boiling point
Types of Mixtures Suspension: heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time Colloid: particles are not as large as a suspension and it does not separate over time.
Types of Mixtures SimpleSuspensionColloidSolution HeterogeneousHomogeneous Large ParticlesMicroscopic Particles Sand Concrete Milk Fog Kool Aid Salt Water Muddy Water Dusty Air
Physical Properties: Color Smell Freezing Point Boiling Point Melting Point Malleability and Ductility Viscosity Density Note that measuring each of these properties will not alter the basic nature of the substance
Physical Property Info Hunt 1.Matter with a distinct color: 2.Matter with a distinct smell: 3.Matter with a freezing point higher than water: 4.Matter with a melting point higher than water: 5.The boiling point of mercury: 6.Matter that is malleable: 7.Matter that is not ductile: 8.Matter with a viscosity higher than water 9.Matter that is more dense than water: You Have 5 Minutes!
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Solutions Solute: substance whose particles are dissolved Solvent: substance in which the solute dissolves Heat of Solution: during the formation of a solution energy is either released or absorbed
Properties of Liquid Solutions Solutions conduct electric current better than their component solute and solvent Solutions have a higher boiling point and a lower freezing point than their component solute and solvent
Why Do We Salt Roads? Answer using the properties of mixtures!
Which Temperature is Higher? Answer using the properties of mixtures!
Dissolve the Sugar Cube as Fast as Possible You have 30 seconds to plan and gather materials. GO!
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Rate of Dissolving Crushing:Crushing: increases surface area (more contact with solvent) Stirring:Stirring: brings fresh solvent in contact with the solute HeatingHeating: increases motion of particles
Chemical Properties: Flammability Reactivity pH Note that measuring each of these properties will alter the basic nature of the substance
Evidence of a Chemical Change Change in Color: not all color changes are chemical changes Formation of a Gas: small bubbles produced in the solution Formation of a Precipitate: solid that falls a liquid