Chapter 5: Settling the Southern Colonies Section 5

Lord Baltimore Starts a Colony George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – Wanted a colony where people could practice Catholicism – Died waiting for a land grant (1632) Cecil Calvert (2 nd Lord Baltimore) – Granted a charter for Maryland – To bring people to the colony, he gave settlers land for themselves, children and servants

St. Mary’s 1633, Lord Baltimore sends two ships to Maryland – Ark and Dove – 200 people Protestants and Catholics Bought land from the Native Americans – Traded axes and clothing Built a fort, chapel and cabins in the settlement

Prosperity and Conflict Landscape – Warm climate and good soil for farming tobacco – Waterways good for trade and food Potomac River Fish, oysters and crabs Toleration Act – Guaranteed all Christians the right to worship – Did not include other religious groups (Jews)

The Two Carolinas Given to eight English nobles by King Charles II Colony grows slowly – Proprietors did not offer land to less wealthy settlers Only nobles – Swampy, humid climate spread diseases Fever and Malaria

Northern and Southern Regions Divided naturally – North settled by Virginians looking for new farmland Naval stores – Items used in shipbuilding – South Settlers from West Indies and England – Founded port city Charles Town Introduced indigo Enslaved Africans – Worked on rice plantations – Tended cattle

Georgia, a Colony for the Poor Proprietor, General James Oglethorpe – Wanted to help London’s poor people – 1000’s in debtors prison Could not be released until they paid their debt, no way to earn $$$$$ – Gains a charter from King George II – Wanted to establish a colony where the poor would get a 2 nd chance – King wanted space between South Carolina and the Spanish

A Slow Start Georgia grows slowly – Debtors didn’t want to come They were afraid they would have to fight the Spanish army Strict rules – No African slave labor Once slave labor could be used, the colony began to grow and prosper