ORGANIC MOLECULES PROTEINS.

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Presentation transcript:

ORGANIC MOLECULES PROTEINS

Protein-Rich Foods Poultry Red Meat Shellfish and fish Milk Yogurt Eggs Figs Nuts and Beans Apricots, Cherries, Grapes, Bananas Avocados.

PROTEINS Made of: C, H, O, N Monomer (subunit): Amino Acid Function: Help the growth and maintenance of cells Another name for a protein is a polypeptide.

AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES Amino acids are also called “peptides” A bond between two amino acids is called a “peptide bond.” Three names for the same molecule: Amino acid chain polypeptide protein

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE Amino acids are made of: Central carbon (one carbon in the middle) 4 groups attached to the carbon Amino group (NH2 or NH3+) Carboxyl group (COOH or COO-) Hydrogen group (H) Random group (Also called a “side group” or “R-group”)

Example of an Amino Acid Where is the Hydrogen Group? Amino Group? Carboxyl Group? R-Group? Carboxyl Group Amino Group Hydrogen Group R - Group

More Practice! Hydrogen Group Where is the: Hydrogen Group? Amino Group? Carboxyl Group? R-Group? Carboxyl Group Amino Group R-Group

One More! Hydrogen Group Where is the: Hydrogen Group? Amino Group? Carboxyl Group? R-Group? Amino Group Carboxyl Group R-Group

THE R – GROUP There are 20 different R-groups (below are six of the 20) The R-group gives the amino acid its particular properties

PROTEIN STRUCTURE There are 4 stages that proteins go through while being made Primary (1*) (the first step) Secondary (2*) (the second step) Tertiary (3*) (the third step) Quaternary (4*) (the fourth step)

PRIMARY STRUCTURE (1st) First, the amino acids need to be put into the correct order (like putting beads on a necklace)

SECONDARY STRUCTURE (2nd) Next, the primary structure (the string of beads) begins to fold or coil up. Different parts of the primary structure will coil (called alpha helices), and other parts will fold (called Beta-pleated sheets)

TERTIARY STRUCTURE (3rd) Next, the secondary structure folds up on itself (the coils and folds all fold up on themselves to make a big ball)

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE (4th) Two or more tertiary structures bonded together. Video Clip: Protein Structure Folding

Keratin Gives Strength to: Skin Hair/Fur Nails Hooves Horns Teeth

Muscles Tissue that allows movement of and within the body Skeletal muscle (attached to bones) Cardiac muscle (makes up the heart) Smooth muscle (makes up stomach, diaphragm)

Hemoglobin A protein in blood cells that helps transport oxygen to tissues in the body

Antibodies Proteins in the blood that help defend the body against diseases and infections

Enzymes Proteins that help control reactions in a cell (like break down food).