What Do We Need to Know? Matter

When atoms of more than one element chemically combine they form a compound. Substances made of only one type of atom. Two or more substances not chemically combined.

How Does it Work?

Chemical Property Describes a change that occurs when one substance reacts with another substance. Describes a change that occurs when one substance reacts with another substance. Example: A chemical property of water is that it will separate into hydrogen and oxygen when an electrical current is passed through it. Example: A chemical property of water is that it will separate into hydrogen and oxygen when an electrical current is passed through it.

Orbital Basics – Check This Out Click Below:

Bonding The force that holds atoms in compounds together. The force that holds atoms in compounds together. When two molecules share or lend an electron, they are joined in a chemical bond. When two molecules share or lend an electron, they are joined in a chemical bond.

Ions Electrically charged atoms are ions. Electrically charged atoms are ions. Ions are attracted to each other when they have opposite charges.

Example: Oxygen (O) and fluorine (F) are two good examples. Each of those elements is looking for a couple of electrons to make a filled shell. They have one filled shell with two electrons but their second shell wants to have eight. There are a couple of ways they can get the electrons. (1) They can share electrons, making a covalent bond. Or (2) they can just borrow them, and make an ionic bond (also called electrovalent bond).

Metallic Bonds Electrons are free to move from one ion to the other. Electrons are free to move from one ion to the other. Found in metals such as copper, gold, aluminum, and silver. Found in metals such as copper, gold, aluminum, and silver. Give metals the ability to conduct electricity. Give metals the ability to conduct electricity.

Hydrogen Bonds Form when the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule. Form when the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule. Form without the interaction of electrons. Form without the interaction of electrons. Responsible for the property of cohesion – allows water to form raindrops. Responsible for the property of cohesion – allows water to form raindrops. Hydrogen bonds are easily broken. Hydrogen bonds are easily broken.

Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture – components not mixed evenly; each component retains its own properties. Heterogeneous Mixture – components not mixed evenly; each component retains its own properties. Homogeneous mixture – compounds evenly mixed; can’t see each component; also called solutions. Homogeneous mixture – compounds evenly mixed; can’t see each component; also called solutions.

Isotopes Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. protonsneutrons protonsneutrons

Remember The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means. The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means. The components of a compound must be separated by chemical means. The components of a compound must be separated by chemical means.

Properties of Matter Physical Properties – properties that you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance. Physical Properties – properties that you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance. Density – an object’s mass divided by its volume. Density – an object’s mass divided by its volume. Density is measured using grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ) Density is measured using grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ) An object less dense than water will float in water. An object less dense than water will float in water.

Four physical properties of Matter Solids – the matter’s atoms are in a fixed position relative to each other. Solids – the matter’s atoms are in a fixed position relative to each other. Liquids – atoms are attracted to each other, but can change positions with each other. Liquids – atoms are attracted to each other, but can change positions with each other. Gases – atoms have almost no attractive force on each other, so atoms move freely and will fill the entire container where they are placed. Plasma – electrons can escape and move outside of the ion’s electron cloud. Gases – atoms have almost no attractive force on each other, so atoms move freely and will fill the entire container where they are placed. Plasma – electrons can escape and move outside of the ion’s electron cloud. Plasma

Matter Can Change from one State to another Changes in state occur because of temperature or pressure change. Changes in state occur because of temperature or pressure change. Matter is changed from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point. Matter is changed from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point. Matter is changed from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point. Matter is changed from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point. When matter changes state, its chemical properties do not change, but physical properties may change. When matter changes state, its chemical properties do not change, but physical properties may change.

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