By: Jarrett John Pd. 3

Explanation of native, introduced, and invasive species 5 most common ways of they get into the country 4 ways they negatively affect our environment 3 invasive animals 2 invasive plants

1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

Wanted Establishment in the Wild Escape from Captive Areas Chance of Economic Gain Human Enjoyment Exotic Pets

Displace native species Reduce native wildlife habitat Reduce forest health and productivity Alter ecosystem processes

Feral Swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus)- introduced in 1500’s for food. Damages plants and Habitat. Population very high and a serious issue Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Causes destruction of many Ash Trees and some serious habitat destruction. First discovered in Pennsylvania. Elongate Hemlock Scale (Fiorinia externa Ferris)- Damages host tree. Found throughout Northeastern U.S. Were not introduced by humans

Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare)- Native to Europe and Asia. Aggressive and highly competitive with native plants. Introduction not known but around early 1800’s for ornamental purposes. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)- Native to Europe and Asia. Introduced as a culinary herb in the 1860’s. Harsh Competition with Native Species.

Definition 5 Most Common Reasons for Endangerment Preventing Endangerment 3 Endangered Animals in PA 2 Endangered Plants in PA

Endangered Animal -is a population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters

Poaching Pollution Habitat Loss Pesticides Competition

Protect Wildlife Habitat Join a Conservation Organization Recycle and Reduce Energy Intake Reduce Threat of Invasive Species Minimize use of Pesticides Get Involved

Mountain Lion- habitat loss and poaching Bog Turtle- habitat destruction Peregrine Falcon- pesticides

Northern Bulrush- habitat destruction Small Whorled Pogonia- habitat destruction

Definitions 1 Reintroduced Species in PA Why, When, How the species was Reintroduced

Reintroduced Species- a release of species from captivity or other areas where the species can survive back into the wild Extirpated Species- a species that no longer exists in the wild in a certain area but can be found elsewhere

Rocky Mountain Elk -They released 177 Elk from Wyoming and South Dakota into Pennsylvania because of the low elk population in the state. They then became known as the Rocky Mountain Elk.