Regents Chemistry Tyna L Meeks

Chapter Six: Naming Compounds Just like learning a new language – Chemistry starts small and BUILDS UP Just like learning a new language – Chemistry starts small and BUILDS UP The symbols from the Periodic Table can be considered the alphabet of our language and we are ready to put them together to form words The symbols from the Periodic Table can be considered the alphabet of our language and we are ready to put them together to form words

What three ways exist to combine the elements? What does it mean to form a metallic substance? What does it mean to form a metallic substance? What does it mean to form an ionic substance? What does it mean to form an ionic substance? What does it mean to form a covalent substance? What does it mean to form a covalent substance?

MetalsMetals

Non Metals

2 METALS = METALLIC Each metal brings it’s positively charged nucleus and it’s FEW valence electrons The valence electrons are donated to a community of electrons which swiftly move throughout the structure Known as a “sea of valence electrons”

2 METALS = METALLIC Naming metallic substances – These are actually alloys, or homogeneous mixtures, where the nuclei and electrons are all mixed up Examples include brass, 14 karat gold, steel…

2 NONMETALS = COVALENT Each nonmetal brings it’s positively charged nucleus and it’s MANY valence electrons The valence electrons are SHARED between the two nuclei so that each element can feel like it has achieved it’s octet (or duet) Also known as binary MOLECULAR substances

2 NONMETALS = COVALENT Naming covalent substances the element with a lower electronegativity is usually listed first – just name it without changes, but use a prefix to tell someone how many of them you have the second element is named, but the ending is changed to –ide, you also use prefixes here to describe how many you have… Mono – 1Di – 2 Tri – 3 Tetra – 4 Penta - 5 Hexa – 6Hepta – 7 Octa – 8 Nona – 9 Deca - 10

2 NONMETALS = COVALENT Creating covalent substances the element with a lower electronegativity is usually listed first – just find the symbol and use the prefix as a subscript to tell someone how many of them you have the second element is named, but the ending has been changed to –ide, again, find the symbol and use the prefix as a subscript to tell someone how many of them you have Mono – 1Di – 2 Tri – 3 Tetra – 4 Penta - 5 Hexa – 6Hepta – 7 Octa – 8 Nona – 9 Deca - 10

2 NONMETALS = COVALENT Mono – 1Di – 2 Tri – 3 Tetra – 4 Penta - 5 Hexa – 6Hepta – 7 Octa – 8 Nona – 9 Deca - 10 silicon dioxide dihydrogen sulfide sulfur hexafluoride dinitrogen monoxide

2 NONMETALS = COVALENT Mono – 1Di – 2 Tri – 3 Tetra – 4 Penta - 5 Hexa – 6Hepta – 7 Octa – 8 Nona – 9 Deca - 10 PS 3 S 4 P 3 N 2 O 2 Cl 2 F 5

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Each metal changes into a + ion Metal loses an electron to become POSITIVE Each nonmetal changes into a - ion Nonmetal gains an electron to become NEGATIVE OPPOSITES ATTRACT!

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Naming binary ionic substances the metal is always listed first – just name it without changes the nonmetal element is named, but the ending is changed to –ide

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Creating binary ionic substances the metal is always listed first – find the symbol and identify what it’s charge would be the nonmetal element is listed next –find the symbol (remember to finagle the name since it ends in –ide) and identify what it’s charge would be Use your criss cross rules Li +1 Cl -1 Li 1 Cl 1 LiCl

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Naming polyatomic ionic substances the metal or positive ion is always listed first – just name it without changes the negative, often polyatomic ion is named next, find it in Table E and write it down exactly as you see it

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Creating polyatomic ionic substances the metallic ion is always listed first – find the symbol and identify what it’s charge would be (go to Table E if needed…) the nonmetallic ion is listed next –find the symbol (remember to finagle the name since if it ends in –ide OR go to Table E if needed…) and identify what it’s charge would be Use your criss cross rules Ca +2 CO 3 -2 Ca 2 (CO 3 ) 2 CaCO 3

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Naming ionic substances with transition metals the metallic ion is always listed first – find the symbol and identify what it’s charge would be, listing the charge as a roman numeral the nonmetallic ion is listed next –find the symbol (remember to finagle the name since if it ends in –ide OR go to Table E if needed…) and identify what it’s charge would be Use your criss cross rules

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC Creating ionic substances with transition metals the metallic ion is always listed first – find the symbol and identify it’s charge using the roman numeral the nonmetallic ion is listed next –find the symbol (remember to finagle the name since if it ends in –ide OR go to Table E if needed…) and identify what it’s charge would be Use your criss cross rules

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC aluminum oxide sodium carbonate silver (I) chloride

1 METAL and 1 NONMETTALIC = IONIC CsO Ca(NO 3 ) 2 Cr 2 O 3