SC200x Video Subsystem Tony Sloan DTV Source Applications Broadband Entertainment Division July 2001

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SC200x Video Training Agenda  Digital Video  Colour Space - Colour Space Conversion - Sampling - 4:2:0 - 4:2:2 - 4:4:4 - Upsampling - Downsampling - ITU-R BT.656  SC200x Video Mixer - Encoder - DACs  Still Plane & AV Decoder & Background Mixer - OSD & Cursor Mixer - Program Channel - Composite Channel - Multi-standard Encoder - DACs  Test Signals - Terminology  Line - Field / North American Test Signals - Terminology - Tests - Measurement

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SC200x Video Training  Digital Video

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ RGB Gamma Correction  RGB is the starting point for Video and Graphics  But RGB Gamma Correction is required because:- The CRT display is non-linear and computer generated graphics would lack light intensity at low amplitudes Gamma Correction makes CRT intensity appear linear Gamma corrected RGB (R’G’B’) = R  G  B  where:- Gamma (  ) is 2.2 for NTSC Gamma (  ) is 2.8 for PAL and SECAM Writing a 1 to bit 0 of the MCTRL register (0xbe ) enables Gamma Correction for the OSD

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ R’G’B’ Sampling 4:4:4  R`G`B` Sampling Sampled at 13.5MHz 6.75MHz Low Pass Filtering -40dB at 6.75MHz (1/2 Fs) 8 bit ADC for Consumer 10 bit ADC for Professional R`G`B` is 4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ R’G’B’ to Y Pb Pr Matrix  R`G`B` to Y Pb Pr Matrix Y = 0.299R` G` B` B-Y = R` G` + ( )B` R-Y = ( )R` G` B` This gives the following:- Y = 0.299R` G` B` B-Y = R` G` B` R-Y = 0.701R` G` B` But the maximum signal excursion allowable is 1V peak to peak

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Y Pb Pr Normalising  R`G`B` to Y Pb Pr Matrix (continued.) Y = 1Y Pb = 0.564(B`-Y) Pr = 0.713(R`-Y) This gives the following:- Y = 0.299R` G` B` Pb = R` G` B` Pr = 0.500R` G` B` Now the maximum signal excursion is 1V peak to peak

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Y Pb Pr Sampling 4:4:4  Y Pb Pr Sampling #1 Full resolution Chrominance All sampled at 13.5MHz 6.75MHz Low Pass Filtering -40dB at 6.75MHz (1/2 Fs) 8 bit ADC for Consumer 10 bit ADC for Professional Y Pb Pr is 4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Y Pb Pr Sampling 4:2:2  Y Pb Pr Sampling #2 Y Sampled at 13.5MHz 6.75MHz Y Low Pass Filtering Pb Pr Sampled at 6.75MHz 3.375MHz C Low Pass Filtering -40dB at 6.75MHz (1/2 Fs) 8 bit ADC for Consumer 10 bit ADC for Professional Y Pb Pr is 4:2:2

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ ITU-R 601 Signal Amplitudes  601 Levels ITU-R.601 Formerly CCIR Y has 220 levels and is offset by 16 decimal 601Pb has 225 levels and is offset by 128 decimal 601Pr has 225 levels and is offset by 128 decimal Y is still referred to as Y 601Pb is referred to as Cb 601Pr is referred to as Cr

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 601 Sampling (8 bits)  601 Sample Acquisition (8 bits) Y Pb Pr Input 4:2:2 Sampling 601Y = (220/256)Y + 16 Cb = (225/256)Pb Cr = (225/256)Pr + 128

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 601 Signals Max. and Min.  601 Levels Y levels 16 to 235 decimal 0x10 to 0xeb Cb levels 16 to 240 decimal 0x10 to 0xf0 Cr levels 16 to 240 decimal 0x10 to 0xf0

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 601 4:2:2 Luma samples per line  601 4:2:2 Samples Luminance sampled at 13.5MHz 864 samples per line for 625 line standard 858 samples per line for 525 line standard 720 Active samples per line for both standards 144 Blanking samples per line for 625 line 138 Blanking samples per line for 525 line

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 601 4:2:2 Chroma samples per line Cb sampled at 6.75MHz 432 Cb samples per line for 625 line standard 429 Cb samples per line for 525 line standard 360 Active Cb samples per line for both standards 72 Blanking samples per line for 625 line standard 69 Blanking samples per line for 525 line standard Cr sampled at 6.75MHz 432 Cr samples per line for 625 line standard 429 Cr samples per line for 525 line standard 360 Active samples per line for both standards 72 Blanking samples per line for 625 line standard 69 Blanking samples per line for 525 line standard

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Relationship between 4:4:4 and 4:2:2  601 Sample Relationship Line

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Upsampling from 4:2:2 to 4:4:4  601 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 Upsampling Line

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Downsampling from 4:4:4 to 4:2:2  601 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 Downsampling Line

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ ITU-R BT.656 Specification basics  ITU-R BT.656 Specification European derivative EBU Tech North American derivative SMPTE RP125 8 bits or 10 bits (8 bits only will be discussed) 0x00 and 0xff are reserved for timing 0x01 to 0xfe can be used for timing related data 0x10 to 0xf0 is used for video data

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ ITU-R BT.656 Multiplex  ITU-R BT.656 Multiplex Structure Line 27MHz Line

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 Timing Reference Signals (TRS)  ITU-R BT.656 Timing Reference Signals (TRS) Comprises 4 data bytes and occurs twice in a video line 1 st - Indicates Start of Active Video - SAV 2 nd - Indicates End of Active Video - EAV First 3 bytes of each TRS are common to both FVH* denotes whether TRS is SAV or EAV

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 FVH* Byte  ITU-R BT.656 FVH* Byte Bit 7 - Always logical ‘1’ Bit 6 - Field - (0 for Field 1, 1 for Field 2) Bit 5 - Vertical (0 for Active, 1 for V Blanking) Bit 4 - Horizontal (0 for Active, 1 for H Blanking) Bits [3:0] contains Hamming Protection

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 Start of Active Video  Start of Active Video - SAV FVH = 0x80 F = 0 Field 1 V = 0 Active Field area H = 0 Active Line area P = 0 Hamming Protection

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 End of Active Video  End of Active Video - EAV FVH = 0x9D F = 0 Field 1 V = 0 Active Field area H = 1 Line Blanking P = D Hamming Protection

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 to Analog Line Relationship  ITU-R BT.656 to Analog Line Relationship

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 656 to Analog Field Relationship  ITU-R BT.656 to Analog Field Relationship

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ ITU-R BT.656 Parallel Interface  ITU-R BT.656 Physical Interface #1 Parallel 10 Differential pair ECL Data lines 1 Differential pair ECL Clock line 2 Grounds 1 Unconnected 25 way Female D-Type connectors on equipment Voltage levels between volts and Data Rate of 27MHz

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ ITU-R BT.656 Serial Interface  ITU-R BT.656 Physical interface #2 Serial 1 High Speed 75 ohm interface 75 ohm BNC connections Voltage Levels between 740mV and 860mV Data Rate of 270MHz

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SC200x Video Training  Mixer / Encoder / DACs

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Mixer Background Colour  Programmable Mixer Background Video Format Address 0xbe Background is a Flat field Data can be considered as 4:2:2 or 4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ AV Decoder Background Colour  Programmable AV Decoder Background Video Format Addresses are 0xbe (Y).042c(Cb).0430(Cr) Background is a Flat field Selected when bits [7:6] of 0xbe = 0x2 Data can be considered as 4:2:2 or 4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Conversion from 4:2:0 to 4:2:2  AV Decoder Video Format

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Still Plane Colour  Still Plane Video format Video Format is 4:2:2 Stored in SDRAM at sequential locations SDRAM Start Address is stored in 0xbe

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Program Mixer  Background/AV Decoder/Still Plane Mixer

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Program Mixer Control  Background/AV Decoder/Still Mixer Control Address 0xbe Bits [9:8] 00 - Background only 01 - Video only 10 - Video and Still 11 - Black Bits [3:2] 00 - Video over Still 01 - Still over Video 10 - Still only, Video off 11 - Video only, Still off

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ OSD 32bpp Direct Colour Mode  OSD Direct Colour Mode Format 32 bits per pixel RGB or YCbCr OSD Data is stored in SDRAM Video Format (with Alpha Blend) is 4:4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ OSD 16bpp Direct Colour Mode RGB  OSD Direct Colour Mode Format 16 bits per pixel #1 Alpha RGB - 4:4:4:4 bits - 1:5:5:5 bits - 0:5:6:6 bits

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ OSD 16bpp Direct Colour Mode YCbCr  OSD Direct Colour Mode Format 16 bits per pixel #2 Alpha YCbCr - 4:5:3:4 bits - 1:6:4:5 bits - 0:6:5:5

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Multiple OSD Planes  OSD Plane Only 1 OSD per line Mix of Colour Spaces Square Pixel support Gustave Eiffel won the tower competition for the Universal Exposition in 1889 and left behind a lasting legacy. 32 bit YCbCr 32 bit - RGB RGB16 SQPIX 720x576 YCbCr 16 (one region) OSD Plane

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Cursor Colour  Cursor Video Format YCbCr only Data is stored in registers within the chip Addresses 0xbe to 0xbe62.063c Video Format (with Alpha Blend) is 4:4:4:4

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Cursor Features  Cursor 32 x 32 Pixels 16 Colour CLUT 129 Alpha Blends 32 pixels wide 32 pixels high

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ OSD and Cursor Mixer  OSD and Cursor Mixer

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Composite Mixer  Composite Mixer

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Upsampling Using Replication  Actual Upsampling in the SC200x

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Downsampling Using Decimation  Actual Downsampling used in the SC200x

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Program Channel Path  Program Channel

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Composite Channel Path  Composite Channel

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Encoder YUV Scaling  Multi-standard Encoder #1 YUV Derivation 9 tap Low Pass Filter to limit Chroma Bandwidth YCbCr to YUV Scaling

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Encoder Subcarrier Modulation  Multi-standard Encoder #2 Subcarrier Modulation Burst phase is adjustable

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Phase Modulation for NTSC-M  Subcarrier Modulation for NTSC-M For all lines Yellow 167 degrees Cyan 283 degrees Green 241 degrees Magenta 61 degrees Red 103 degrees Blue 347 degrees Burst 180 degrees

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Luma/Chroma Relationship  Luminance and Chrominance Relationship 75% Color Bars NTSC shown 75% Amplitude - 100% Saturation

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Y Pb Pr Output for Colour Bars  Y Pb Pr DACs Colour Bar Pattern

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ RGB Output for Colour Bars  R G B DACs Colour Bar Pattern

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SC200x Video Training  Test Signals and Terminology

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 525 and 625 Line Comparison  525 and 625 Line Comparison

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 525 and 625 Field Comparison  525 and 625 Field Comparison

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ FCC Multiburst Test Pattern  North American Test Patterns FCC Multiburst

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ NTC7 Composite Test Pattern  North American Test Patterns NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ EIA Color Bar Test Pattern  North American Test Patterns EIA Color Bars

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SMPTE Bars Test Pattern  North American Test Patterns SMPTE Bars

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ 100% Colour Bars Test Pattern  General Test Patterns 100% Colour Bars ( )

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Luminance Testing  Luminance Testing Using 75% or 100% Colour Bars

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Chrominance Testing  Hue and Saturation Testing Using the 75% or 100% Colour Bars Amplitude - Saturation Phase - Hue

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Frequency Response Testing  Frequency Response Testing Using the Multiburst Level at 0.5MHz is ref. Check level at each bar

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Impulse and Step Response Testing  2T Pulse and Bar testing Using NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Luminance Non-Linearity Testing  Luminance Non-linearity testing Using NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Differential Phase Testing  Differential Phase testing Using NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Differential Gain Testing  Differential Gain testing Using NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ Luma/Chroma Delay Testing  Luma/Chroma Delay testing Using NTC7 Composite

SC200x Video Subsystem - July LSI Logic Confidential ™ SC200x Video Training  End of Presentation