© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Leadership for Africa Course (ILAC) Strathmore University, Nairobi, 29 April – 4 May 2013 London / Amman / Bishkek / Jakarta / East Jerusalem / Nairobi / Ramallah / Yerevan Community Integrity Building

© Integrity Action 2013 The Principal-Agent Model Concept 1.

© Integrity Action 2013 Principal 2 The P-A-C Model Client Agent Principal 1 1-n

© Integrity Action 2013 Mapping Corruption P1GP1GP1SP1SP2P2 AnAnC CSCS Comp. P1GP1G P1SP1S P2P2 A1A1 C CSCS

© Integrity Action 2013 P1GP1GP1SP1SP2P2 AnAnC CSCS Comp. P1GP1G P1SP1S P2P2 A1A1 C CSCS Mapping Corruption

© Integrity Action 2013 P1GP1GP1SP1SP2P2 AnAnC CSCS Comp. P1GP1G P1SP1S P2P2 A1A1 C CSCS Mapping Corruption

© Integrity Action 2013 P1GP1GP1SP1SP2P2 AnAnC CSCS Comp. P1GP1G P1SP1S P2P2 A1A1 C CSCS Mapping Corruption

© Integrity Action 2013 What’s the key to correcting imbalances in the P-A-C relationship?

© Integrity Action 2013 Information Asymmetry Concept 2.

© Integrity Action 2013 What choices does an “Agent” have when faced with a major ethical workplace dilemma?

© Integrity Action 2013 Exit, Voice and Loyalty Concept 3. … Organise

© Integrity Action 2013 How can we ensure that citizen engagement and collective action leads to meaningful change?

© Integrity Action 2013 Closing the Loop Concept 4.

© Integrity Action 2013 Community Integrity Building Concept 5.

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Kibuyuni Water point.

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Kibuyuni Water point.

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Shimbana Hills Health Centre

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Shimbana Hills Health Centre: Patient Kitchen Under Construction

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Pemba Dispensary

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Pemba Dispensary: Alistair Ndoro, chairman of the project management committee

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Lunga Lunga water point

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Lunga Lunga water point

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Kaluweni Nursery School

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Kaluweni Nursery School

© Integrity Action 2013 An Nazaha النزاهة Kaluweni Nursery School

© Integrity Action 2013 The CIB Approach

© Integrity Action 2013 ACCOUNTABILITY

© Integrity Action 2013 ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE

© Integrity Action 2013 ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013 ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action CONTEXT SENSITIVITY ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers 2. JOINT LEARNING ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers 2. JOINT LEARNING M&E Online Database International Peer Learning ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013

Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers 2. JOINT LEARNING ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013 Development Check

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Integrity Helpdesk JWGs identify solutions to integrity problems Public Service Integrity Charters from JWG ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS Public voice: Community radio, social media, SMS, public hearings

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Integrity Helpdesk JWGs identify solutions to integrity problems 5. CLOSING THE LOOP Public Service Integrity Charters from JWG ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS Public voice: Community radio, social media, SMS, public hearings

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Integrity Helpdesk JWGs identify solutions to integrity problems 5. CLOSING THE LOOP JWGs implement solutions to integrity problems Public Service Integrity Charters from JWG ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS Public voice: Community radio, social media, SMS, public hearings Results Communicated: both problems resolved and good practices identified (through public sharing, film, reports)

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Integrity Helpdesk JWGs identify solutions to integrity problems 5. CLOSING THE LOOP JWGs implement solutions to integrity problems Public Service Integrity Charters from JWG CLOSE THE LOOP!! ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS Public voice: Community radio, social media, SMS, public hearings Results Communicated: both problems resolved and good practices identified (through public sharing, film, reports)

© Integrity Action 2013 Integrity Education: Joint training of teachers, university professors, community monitors, public officials Joint Working Groups (JWG) formed Integrity Tools: training manuals, schools DVD, ACE analysis, animations, teacher training 1. CONTEXT SENSITIVITY Scoping study: stakeholder mapping, local priorities, needs, potential spoilers Community monitoring: DevelopmentCheck Focus groups Community score cards Research 3. EVIDENCE BASE 2. JOINT LEARNING 4. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Public voice: Community radio, social media, SMS, public hearings Integrity Helpdesk JWGs identify solutions to integrity problems 5. CLOSING THE LOOP JWGs implement solutions to integrity problems Public Service Integrity Charters from JWG M&E Online Database International Peer Learning ACCOUNTABILITY COMPETENCE ETHICS Results Communicated: both problems resolved and good practices identified (through public sharing, film, reports)

© Integrity Action 2013 I = a C ( AE ) c -

© Integrity Action 2013 What happened to corruption?

© Integrity Action 2013 What CIB is Not

© Integrity Action Anti-Corruption 2.Pure Accountability, Monitoring 3.Naming and Shaming 4.A confrontational approach 5.An ICT driven solution 6.Classic participation, consultation

© Integrity Action 2013 What CIB is

© Integrity Action Responsive to local needs and priorities 2.Bottom-up and Top-Down 3.Constructive 4.Evidence Based 5.Heavily Reliant on Volunteerism and Public Service 6.Cost-Effective

© Integrity Action 2013 The Fix-Rate Concept 6.

© Integrity Action 2013 Infrastructure: 82% Based on work in 6 countries 350+ projects and services Public Services: 28% The Findings

© Integrity Action 2013 The Findings

© Integrity Action 2013 Specific integrity-related problems resolved to the satisfaction of the core stakeholders. Definitions: What is a Fix?

© Integrity Action 2013 The ratio of successful fixes as a percentage of identified problems, solution proposed or complaints made. Definitions: The Fix-Rate

© Integrity Action 2013 Fix-Rates: The Fix-Rate: The Vision Up? or Down?

© Integrity Action 2013 Fix-Rates: The Fix-Rate: The Vision Always up! Problem Rate: Down!

© Integrity Action 2013 Open contracts and water provision in Kenya. Case Study

© Integrity Action 2013 At what Level? 1.Project-level fixes 2.Sub-project fixes 3.Upstream: Budgets, policy level The Fix-Rate: Distinctions Who Achieves the Fix? 1.Community Monitor with Contractor 2.CM, JWG, with NGO 3.CM, JWG with Local Government 4.CM,JWG, with Provincial, National Government

© Integrity Action 2013 Sustainability 1.Is the fix sustainable? 2.Is it being scaled up? 3.How cost-effective is the intervention? 4.Are the skills used to fix other problems? 5.Is the fix-rate going up? 6.Is it self-funding? The Fix-Rate: Externalities

© Integrity Action 2013 The Fix-Rate: Externalities (2) Closing the Loop 1.Is there an intelligent response? 2.Does the system fight back? How are we dealing with spoilers?

© Integrity Action Gives us a baseline to assess impact and effectiveness – and fraud/waste 2.Enables us to compare cost- effectiveness of our approach with other methods and interventions 3.The return on investment for CIB is high: at least 300%. The Fix-Rate: Conclusion

© Integrity Action Principal-Agent-Client 2.Information Asymmetry 3.Exit, Voice, Loyalty – Collective Action 4.Closing the Loop 5.Community Integrity Building 6.Fix-Rate Review: Key Concepts

© Integrity Action 2013 Thank you.