ST SP DT SP ST DP DT DP Coldeway's Q________

Industrialization & Distance Education R___________ - teacher's knowledge and Skills are delivered to unlimited numbers of students at a distance and with uniform quality ________ __ _____ - a fundamental prerequisite for D.E. to be effective (Course developers are not course evaluators). Mechanization - conventional education operates at a pre-industrial level. D.E. applies technologies Assembly Line - D.E. staff remain at their posts but materials are passed on. ____ __________ - Many learners at many locations learning concurrently. R___________ - teacher's knowledge and Skills are delivered to unlimited numbers of students at a distance and with uniform quality ________ __ _____ - a fundamental prerequisite for D.E. to be effective (Course developers are not course evaluators). Mechanization - conventional education operates at a pre-industrial level. D.E. applies technologies Assembly Line - D.E. staff remain at their posts but materials are passed on. ____ __________ - Many learners at many locations learning concurrently.

Industrialization & Distance Education Mass Production - Many learners at many locations learning concurrently. Planning and Preparation - D.E. is characterized by extensive planning by senior staff. ______________- D.E. teaching is constant for all learners. Functional Changes and Objectification - The functional role of the teacher is split into: 1. provider of knowledge (unit author) 2. evaluator (tutor) 3. counselor (advisor) _____________ - Concentration and centralization within state or nation are common. Mass Production - Many learners at many locations learning concurrently. Planning and Preparation - D.E. is characterized by extensive planning by senior staff. ______________- D.E. teaching is constant for all learners. Functional Changes and Objectification - The functional role of the teacher is split into: 1. provider of knowledge (unit author) 2. evaluator (tutor) 3. counselor (advisor) _____________ - Concentration and centralization within state or nation are common.

Redefinition of Distance Education Institution based formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources and instructors.

T_____ - Defined A system for explaining a set of phenomena by specifying rules that relate the phenomena to each other.

"Finally, the most fundamental and most important characteristic of a profession is that the skills involved are founded upon a body of intellectual ______ and ________. Furthermore, this systematic theory is constantly being expanded by ________."

Theories of Distance Education Independence and autonomy I_____________ Interaction Independence and autonomy I_____________ Interaction

Equivalency Theory of Distance Education "The more equivalent the learning e_________ of the distant learner are to the learning _________ of the traditional learner, the more equivalent will be the learning outcomes."

Purpose of Research about Distance Education One purpose of research in distance education is to determine effective p_______.

Research – an Example A comparison of local learners to distant learners in three courses CourseMeanLocalDistant # # #

MeanLocalDistant Support Adequacy of Instruction Strengths of Instructions Technology

The best current evidence is that... media are mere ________ that deliver instruction but do not influence student __________ any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in nutrition.

Distance Education Research Characteristics _________ comparison studies lack of ___________ adult learners ___________ oriented _________ comparison studies lack of ___________ adult learners ___________ oriented

Research Conclusions Students _____ distance education but ______ traditional education. Distant learners _____ as well as traditional learners Teaching effectiveness improves if it: –is carefully planned –uses structured note taking –uses _______ –is taught by _______ teachers Students _____ distance education but ______ traditional education. Distant learners _____ as well as traditional learners Teaching effectiveness improves if it: –is carefully planned –uses structured note taking –uses _______ –is taught by _______ teachers

What Works – Distance Education Carefully planned instruction Structured ____ ______ - interactive study guides Visualizations of concepts Less than __ remote sites Almost anything that works in a regular classroom - if it is _______ Carefully planned instruction Structured ____ ______ - interactive study guides Visualizations of concepts Less than __ remote sites Almost anything that works in a regular classroom - if it is _______

What Doesn't Work – Distance Education Poorly planned instruction ____________ note-taking Talking _____ lectures More than 4 remote sites Almost everything, if it isn't planned carefully Poorly planned instruction ____________ note-taking Talking _____ lectures More than 4 remote sites Almost everything, if it isn't planned carefully