Terrestrial Plant Anatomy

Plants moved from water to land but there were challenges along the way… Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots

Fibrous root Taproot

Major Functions of Absorption Transport of materials Storage of materials Anchorage

Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Moving water and food within the plant Vascular tissue

Found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants Vascular tissue

Cohesion – Water “sticks” to water Adhesion – Water “sticks” to other molecules Transpiration – Water loss from a plant leaf

Bundles are found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants Vascular tissue

2 main types of vascular plants Gymnosperms – cone bearing plants Pine trees and fir trees Angiosperms – flowering plants Any tree, bush or plant that produces a flower

Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Moving water and food within the plant Vascular tissue Plant body supportVascular tissue

MERISTEMS – Regions of cell tips of plant PRIMARY GROWTH - growth in length of plant SECONDARY GROWTH - Growth in thickness of plant

Major Functions of Support Transport Storage

Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves

Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration Stomata

Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration Stomata Preventing evaporation from plant surface Cuticle

Thin & Flat (SA/vol ratio) –Take in sunlight & CO 2 Cuticle – waxy layer –Prevent H 2 O loss STOMATA – pore. H 2 O & O 2 exit. –GUARD CELLS open & close Transpiration – Loss of H 2 O by plant – > 90% of H 2 O is lost –Through stomata

Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response Hormones Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen

Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response Hormones Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen Dispersing new individuals to suitable locations Airborne spores then seeds

Female Parts Carpel Stigma Style Ovary Male Parts Anther Stamen Filament